THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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ཨི་ལྡན་གྱི་རྣམ་དབྱེ་
Transliteration: ai ldan gyi rnam dbye
<noun> "I-possessing case(s)". A name which refers to either or both of the two cases that use the ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connectors defined as ཨི་ལྡན་ "possessing the ཨི་ i vowel". The sixth case uses the group of five i-possessing connectors—ཀྱི་, གི་, གྱི་, འི་, and ཡི་—to indicate the case: see འབྲེལ་བའི་སྒྲ་ "connective terms". The third case uses the group of five i-possessing connectors der…
མཚམས་སྦྱོར་བ་
Transliteration: mtshams sbyor ba
I. <verb> v.t. see སྦྱོར་བ་ for tense forms. For things previously disconnected to be joined together, for there conjunction, joining, juncture to be made so that there is now continuity. The provision of continuity by joining together two previously separated thing. "To conjoin" and also "to conjugate". E.g. in ཉིང་མཚམས་སྦྱོར་བ་ to connect up with a new birth, i.e., the moment of taking re…
ཟེར་བ་
Transliteration: zer ba
<verb> v.t. ཟེར་བ་/ ཟེར་བ་/ ཟེར་བ་//.
1) "To say", "to speak". E.g., [TC] ཅི་ཟེར་བ་ལ་ཉན། "listen to what is said!"; ཟེར་ཚད་བདེན་མིན། །བཙོ་ཚད་ཤ་མིན།། "whatever is said is not true; whatever is cooked is not meat!"; ལུག་མ་གསོད་བླ་མས་ཟེར། །ཤ་ཁྱེར་ཤོག་བླ་མས་ཟེར།། "the lama said not to kill the sheep; the lama said to bring him meat!".
2) It is used not only as the general verb "to say" as illustr…
ནས་
Transliteration: nas
I. <noun> The grain, "barley". 1) i) One of the བསྲེག་རྫས་བཅུ་ ten substances for burning in fire pūja. ii) One of the འབྲུ་སྣ་ལྔ་ five grains q.v. 2) "Barley grain". A small unit of measure. i) In some systems, seven grains (in general) are equal to one སོར་མོ་ fingerwidth which is also equal to one ཆ་ཆུང་ smaller proportion. ii) In other systems, such as in thangkha painting, eight barley…
མོད་
Transliteration: mod
I. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> Indicating 1) that two things do not agree and with 2) a particular sense of intensity. It is usually added to a verb indicating something that has been said, or happened, or is so and is then followed by the contrary information.
For example, ཁོང་གིས་དེ་གསུངས་མོད། འོན་ཀྱང་་་་ "he did say that but still..." or "he did indeed say that, neverthless, ..." or "he s…
བཙན་
Transliteration: btsan
I. A basic intertsheg of the Tibetan language that has the connotations of "ruler", "power and authority over others" or "force when someone in authority exercises their power" to force those beneath them to do things. It is used alone or in combination with other མིང་ grammatical names or ཚིག་ཕྲད་ to give new words containing its meaning.
II. <noun> "Tsan". The name of one of the many types…
ཅེ་ན་
Transliteration: ce na
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of three compound connectors: ཅེ་ན་, ཞེ་ན་, and ཤེ་ན་.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of them is required, this one must be used after words that end in ག་, ད་, བ་, or ད་དྲག་ forceful ending.
Meaning: It is the phrase connector ཅེ་ q.v. meaning "say" followed by the phrase connector ན་ meaning "if" or "were yo…

འིས་
Transliteration: 'is
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of the group of five connectors ཀྱིས་, གིས་, གྱིས་, འིས་, and ཡིས་ used to indicate the བྱེད་པའི་སྒྲ་ agentive case of Tibetan grammar q.v.
Placement: This group of connectors is created from the group of connectors ཀྱི་, གི་, གྱི་, འི་, and ཡི་ (the group used to show the འབྲེལ་བའི་སྒྲ་ connective case of Tibetan grammar) by the addition of a ས་ letter. The p…

སོགས་པ་
Transliteration: sogs pa
I. <verb> v.i. སོགས་པ་/ སོགས་པ་/ སོགས་པ་//. Transitive form is གསོག་པ་ q.v. "To accumulate" in the sense that there is accumulation, there is increase. E.g., [TC] ནོར་རྫས་མང་པོ་སོགས་བྱུང་། "wealth and possessions accumulated"; བསགས་ཀྱང་མ་སོགས། "one makes efforts at accumulating but there is no accumulation (which shows the meaning of the verb by using it in conjunction with the transitive f…
ཡོང་བ་
Transliteration: yong ba
I. <verb> v.i. ཡོང་བ་/ ཡོང་བ་/ ཡོང་བ་//. Similar to འོང་བ་. 1) "To come" not in the sense of arriving but in the sense of "coming to" or "coming towards". E.g., [TC] ཡོང་རན་པ། "ready to come"; ཡོང་ཉེ་བ། "close to coming"; ཡོང་འདོད་མེད་པ། "no desire to come"; ཡོང་ཁུལ་བྱེད་པ། "to prepare to come"; ཁོ་རང་ཡོང་དང་མི་ཡོང་། "he sometimes comes and sometimes doesn't"; གཞས་ལ་ཡོང་རྒྱུ་ཞོ་གང་། གཞས་གོས…
འང་
Transliteration: 'ang
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of three རྐྱེན་ circumstances of the functions listed below. The three are ཀྱང་, འང་, and ཡང་.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, the appropriate one must be chosen from the group. The appropriate one depends on the མིང་མཐའ་ ending letter of the preceding word. When the preceding word ends i…

རྣམ་དབྱེའི་རྐྱེན་
Transliteration: rnam dbye'i rkyen
<noun> "Case condition" or "condition of the case". Grammatical term. The name given in Tibetan grammar, following a similar system in Sanskrit grammar, to the ཚིག་ཕྲད་ connectors that function as case-signs before they are actually in place and functioning as case signs. Before they are actually in place and functioning as case signs, they are not regarded as actual སྒྲ་ functional / meani…
འགལ་བ་
Transliteration: 'gal ba
I. <verb> v.i. འགལ་བ་/ འགལ་བ་/ འགལ་བ་//. Meaning "to go against something, to be contrary to something". 1) To go against a law, rule, or convention, and break it. E.g., ཁྲིམས་འགལ་བ་ "to go outside the law", "to go against the law", "to contravene" the law. This also includes personal promises and commitments. E.g., དམ་བཅའ་འགལ་བ་ "to go against a promise / commitment". 2) "To contradict". I…
པ་
Transliteration: pa
I. <consonant letter> The thirteenth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the lips; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the lips; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = joining the two lips together; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and un-sounded. 2) When used as a མིང་གཞི་ name-base, t…
བ་
Transliteration: ba
I. <consonant letter> The fifteenth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the lips; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the lips; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = joining the two lips; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and sounded. 2) When used as a མིང་གཞི་ name-base, the consonant …
རེ་
Transliteration: re
I. <adj> "Each". Used to show that the preceding item is to be taken as one. E.g., གཅིག་རེ་གཉིས་རེ་ "each one and each pair" or "taking them one at a time then two at a time"; མི་རེ་བུ་མེད་རེ་ "each man and each woman".
II. 1) <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> Used in conjunction with སྐན་ and ཤི་. The construction with སྐན་ q.v. is only seen in classical writing and with ཤི་ is only heard i…
ལ་དོན་
Transliteration: la don
<noun> "La equivalent". The name of a group of seven ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connectors of Tibetan grammar. They are རྣམ་དབྱེའི་ཕྲད་ case-marking connectors but whereas other groups of case marking connectors are only used to show one specific case, this group is used to show three different cases. The connectors are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors hence they all have the same meaning but the …
ཀ་
Transliteration: ka
I. <consonant letter> The first of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the throat; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the throat; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = inner connection of the throat; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and un-sounded. 2) i) When used as a མིང་གཞི་ name-base…
མིང་
Transliteration: ming
<noun> Lit. "name". The has two, specific usages in the language.
I. 1) "Name" or "label". Equivalent of the Sanskrit "nāma". It is used in exactly the same way as the English word "name" to mean the name of something, the "label" used to speak of a person or thing as in "his name/ her name/ its name/ the name of the substance/ a name that can be applied" etc. Names are defined in Tibetan as…
དང་
Transliteration: dang
I. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> A grammatical connector which is defined in Tibetan grammar as having five, separately defined uses. The uses are: 1) སྡུད་ "inclusion"; 2) འབྱེད་ "separation"; 3) རྒྱུ་མཚན་ "reason"; 4) ཚེ་སྐབས་ "time-circumstance"; and 5) གདམས་ངག་ "instruction". The first four of these correspond roughly to the use of English conjunctions, especially "and"; the fifth creates…
ར་
Transliteration: ra
I. <consonant letter> The twenty-fifth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the upper part of the tongue; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the upper part of the tongue and surrounding areas; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = the tip of the tongue slightly connecting with the area above the t…
མ་
Transliteration: ma
I. <consonant letter> The sixteenth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the lips; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the lips; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = joining the two lips together; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and sounded. 2) When used as a མིང་གཞི་ name-base, the c…
ན་
Transliteration: na
I. <consonant letter> The twelfth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = སོ་སྣ་དང་བཅས་པ་ the teeth together with the nose; བྱེད་པ་ producer = ལྕེ་རྩེ་ the tip of the tongue; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = joining the tip of the tongue to the teeth; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effo…