THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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ལོག་ཞུགས་བཅུ་དྲུག་
Transliteration: log zhugs bcu drug
<enum> [JKE] gives as: 1) ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ་རྟག་པར་ལྟ་བ་ ""; 2) ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ་བདེ་པར་ལྟ་བ་ ""; 3) ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ་གཙང་བར་ལྟ་བ་ ""; 4) ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱ་ཕུང་པོ་བདག་ཏུ་ལྟ་བ་ ""; 5) སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྒྱུ་མེད་དུ་ལྟ་བ་ ""; 6) སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྒྱུ་གཅིག་ཁོ་ནས་བྱས་པར་ལྟ་བ་ ""; 7) དབང་ཕྱུག་སོགས་ཀྱི་བློའི་གཡོ་བ་སྔོན་དུ་ ""; 8) རང་བཞིན་རྟག་ལ་གནས་སྐབས་མི་རྟག་པར་ལྟ་བ་ ""; 9) ཐར་པ་ཡེ་མེད་དུ་འཛིན་པ་ ""; 10) ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱི་ཁ…
མཐར་གྱིས་སྦྱོར་བའི་ཆོས་བཅུ་གསུམ་
Transliteration: mthar gyis sbyor ba'i chos bcu gsum
<enum> "The thirteen topics of connection of the gradual type". The topics belonging to a detailed exposition of མཐར་གྱིས་པའི་སྦྱོར་བ་ connection of the gradual type q.v. They thirteen are the items of three major topics q.v.: 1-6) ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པའི་མཐར་གྱིས་སྦྱོར་བ་དྲུག་ the six connections of gradual pāramitā; 7-12) རྗེས་སུ་དྲན་པའི་མཐར་གྱིས་སྦྱོར་བ་དྲུག་ the six connections of gradual rec…
མིག་
Transliteration: mig
<noun> "The eye".
I. Meaning that which sees things. Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "cakṣhuḥ". [Hon] is སྤྱན་. This is used to refer both to the fleshy eye of a being which has the sense of sight and to a metaphoric eye as in ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་མིག་ "the eye of prajñā". In the latter case it comes to mean "intellect" or "intelligence" because that is the faculty through which one sees understandi…
ཁྲོ་བོ་བཅུ་
Transliteration: khro bo bcu
<noun> "The Ten Wrathful Ones". Translation of the Sanskrit "daṣha krodhā". These are the wrathful deities in the various locations of the physical body according to Buddhist tantra. Acc. [NDS] they are: 1) གཤིན་རྗེ་གཤེད་ [Skt. yamāntaka] "Slayer of the Lord of Death"; 2) ཤེས་རབ་མཐར་བྱེད་ [Skt. prajñāntaka] "prajñā Eliminator"; 3) པདྨ་མཐར་བྱེད་ [Skt. padmāntaka] "Lotus Eliminator"; 4) བགེགས…
ལེགས་ལྡན་འབྱེད་
Transliteration: legs ldan 'byed
<noun> Translation of the Sanskrit "bhavaviveka". The name of a principal disciple of Nāgārjuna (see also ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་སྲས་བདུན་ "The seven heart-sons of Nāgārjuna"). He was a great master of Buddhism in India. He disagreed strongly with way that སངས་རྒྱས་བསྐྱངས་ Buddhapalita presented the Madhyamaka system of Nāgārjuna and wrote a text refuting that presentation called ཤེས་རབ་སྒྲོན་མ…
བཤད་བརྒྱུད་འདེགས་པའི་ཀ་ཆེན་བཅུ་
Transliteration: bshad brgyud 'degs pa'i ka chen bcu
<phrase> "The ten great pillars who supported the explanation lineages". A formulation made several centuries ago of Tibetans who were particularly important in ensuring the continuity of the explanations of dharma in Tibet. They were: 1) ཐུ་མི་སཾབྷོཊ་ Thumi Saṃbhoṭa; 2) Vairochana; 3) སྐ་བ་དཔལ་བརྩེགས་ Kawa Paltsek; 4) ཅོག་རོ་ཀླུའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ Chogro Lui Gyaltsen; 5) ཞང་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྡེ་ Zhang Yesh…
ཕྱག་རྒྱ་
Transliteration: phyag rgya
<noun> Translation of the Sanskrit "mudrā". The term has two main meanings. 1) A seal which is applied, e.g., a seal on government letters. 2) A gesture made with the body that symbolizes some meaning. E.g., when the hand is held out in the form of offering something, that is a mudrā, i.e., a gesture symbolizes the meaning of offering or giving.
With either or both of those two principle mea…
ཅེས་
Transliteration: ces
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of two connectors ཅེས་ and ཞེས་. Note: normally this would be a three-membered group with the third member ཤེས་ being used after ending letter ས་ but grammar texts explain that this would conflict with the meaning of ཤེས་པ་ so the third term is dropped and its usage given to ཞེས་ instead.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors…

འཕགས་ལམ་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་
Transliteration: 'phags lam yan lag brgyad
<phrase> "The Noble Eight-fold Path". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "āryaṣhṭāṅgakamārgaḥ". The Buddha, when turning the first wheel of the dharma, laid out a path for his followers that had eight parts to it. This was called the འཕགས་པའི་ལམ་ path of the Noble ones q.v. It's eight branches are [DGT] [NDS]: 1) ཡང་དག་པའི་ལྟ་བ་ "right view"; 2) ཡང་དག་པའི་རྟོག་པ་ "right thought"; 3) ཡང་དག་པའ…
ཁས་འཆེ་བ་
Transliteration: khas 'che ba
<noun> The base meaning is something that the person mentioned in context claims or asserts to be so as far as they are concerned. It indicates something that the person mentioned in context recognizes to be true as far as they are concerned and so states or claims verbally that it is so. This includes situations where the person making the claim is making a claim that others will find to b…
ཀུན་མཁྱེན་
Transliteration: kun mkhyen
I. <phrase> "All-knowing". An epithet that appeared in the Tibetan tradition of Buddhism and applied to a rare few individuals in the Tibetan tradition over the centuries. It is applied to those who seem to have total mastery of all areas of knowledge. It does not mean "omniscient" as in meaning II and it is a mistake to translate it that way. Great beings who have been given this epithet a…
ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་དགེ་བའི་བཤེས་གཉེན་གྱི་མཚན་ཉིད་བཅུ་
Transliteration: theg pa chen po'i dge ba'i bshes gnyen gyi mtshan nyid bcu
<phrase> "The ten characteristics of a Mahāyāna spiritual friend". [DGT] gives as: 1) ལྷག་པ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་བསླབ་པས་དུལ་བ་ "tamed with the higher training of discipline"; 2) ལྷག་པ་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་གྱི་བསླབ་པས་ཞི་བ་ "pacified by the higher training of samādhi"; 3) ལྷག་པ་ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་བསླབ་པས་ཉེ་བར་ཞི་བ་ "thoroughly pacified by the higher training of prajñā"; 4) ལུང་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱིས་ཕྱུག་པ་ "rich with qu…
སྤྱོད་འཇུག་གི་ལེའུ་བཅུ་
Transliteration: spyod 'jug gi le'u bcu
<phrase> "The ten chapters of Entering the Conduct". The famous text on the way of a bodhisatva called བྱང་ཆུབ་སྤྱོད་པ་ལ་འཇུག་པ་ "Engaging in the Conduct of a Bodhisatva" q.v. has ten chapters; this phrase is commonly used to refer to them.
The ten are: 1) བྱང་སེམས་ཀྱི་ཕན་ཡོན་བཞད་པ་ [Skt. bodhicittānuśhaṃsa] "the beneficial attributes of enlightened mind"; 2) སྡིག་པ་བཤགས་པའི་ལེའུ་ [Skt. pāpa…
ཐབས་
Transliteration: thabs
<noun> "Means", "method", "technique". Translation of the Sanskrit "upāya". 1) A general term for anything that is a means or method for getting something done. 2) "Method" as one of the pair "ཐབས་ upāya and ཤེས་རབ་ prajñā". In the Mahāyāna it is said that both method and insight are needed to obtain enlightenment; having merely one or the other is like a bird with only one wing. The first …
ཇོ་ནང་
Transliteration: jo nang
<noun> "Jonang". 1) The name of a place in Central Tibet. 2) The name of the main monastery of the Jonang school of thought. 3) The name of a school of Buddhist thought and practice which became the centre of extreme controversy in Tibet. The school was started by ཡུ་མོ་མི་བསྐྱོད་རྡོ་རྗེ་, a great Kālachakra yogin after he had revelations concerning the way to express the view that while si…
ཁོ་ཐག་ཆོད་པ་
Transliteration: kho thag chod pa
<verb> v.i. see ཆོད་པ་ for tense forms. 1) "To have one's hopes dashed", "to lose hope over", "to understand that one's wishes will not be fulfilled", and hence also "to be disappointed" or "to find disappointing". Same meaning as རེ་ཐག་ཆོད་པ་ q.v. Once one has lost hope, one might also acquiesce or resign or reconcile oneself to the new situation but the verb itself means to have one's hop…
འབྱུང་བ་
Transliteration: 'byung ba
I. <verb> v.i. བྱུང་བ་/ འབྱུང་བ་/ འབྱུང་བ་//. This verb has many different usages but all with the essential meaning "to happen", "to come about", "to occur", "to take place". In some cases, "to arise" translates the meaning correctly. E.g., [TC] ཞལ་མཇལ་གྱི་གོ་སྐབས་འབྱུང་བ། "for an opportunity to meet in person to take place"; ལས་དོན་ལ་སྐུལ་ལྕག་ཐེབས་པ་དང་། བསམ་བློ་ལ་ཡར་ཐོན་ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་བྱུང་བ…
ཐེག་པའི་སྒོ་ཀུན་ལས་བཏུས་པ་གསུང་རབ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་མཛོད་བསླབ་པ་གསུམ་ལེགས་པར་སྟོན་པའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ཤེས་བྱ་ཀུན་ཁྱབ་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་བཞུགས་སོ་
Transliteration: theg pa'i sgo kun las btus pa gsung rab rin po che'i mdzod bslab pa gsum legs par ston pa'i bstan bcos shes bya kun khyab ces bya ba bzhugs so
Full title of a text; see the common abbrev. ཤེས་བྱ་ཀུན་ཁྱབ་མཛོད་.
དུས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོའི་ཞལ་བཞི་
Transliteration: dus kyi 'khor lo'i zhal bzhi
<noun> "The four faces of Kālachakra". The deity Kālachakra has four heads and hence four faces. The four heads face one each in each of the four directions. For example, in this excerpt from the Kālachakra tantra quoted in [ZGT]:
༅། །ཡང་རྗེའི་ཞལ་ནས། ཤེས་རབ་རྒྱུད་ནི་ཤར་ནས་སླར་ཡང་རྣལ་འབྱོར་རྗེས་སུ་རིག་པ་ཉིད་ནི་ནུབ་ཀྱི་ཞལ་ལས་སོ། །གཡས་ཀྱི་ཞལ་ནས་རྒྱལ་བའི་བདག་པོས་རྣལ་འབྱོར་རྒྱུད་གསུངས། གཡོན་གྱི་ཞ…

སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་མ་འདྲེས་པ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་
Transliteration: sangs rgyas kyi chos ma 'dres pa bco brgyad
<phrase> "The eighteen buddhas' dharmas which are not mixed". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "aṣhṭādadaśhāveṇikā buddhadharmaḥ". These are eighteen qualities which the buddha alone has. In this phrase, "unmixed" means that these qualities stand apart from and are distinct from the unenlightened qualities of all other types of being; they are not even partially like those of any other bei…
རྗེས་ཤེས་
Transliteration: rjes shes
<noun> 1) "Post-attainment awareness" meaning the consciousness during the time of རྗེས་ཐོབ་ post-attainment as opposed to the time of མཉམ་བཞག་ equipoise. 2) "Subsequent cognition". The realization of the four Noble Truths on the path of seeing occurs in a sequence of sixteen moments of insight via wisdom called མཐོང་ལམ་གྱི་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྐད་ཅིག་བཅུ་དྲུག་ "the sixteen moments of wisdom on the path…
རིག་པ་
Transliteration: rig pa
<noun> "Rigpa". This word has a huge range of usage in the Buddhist tradition. The verb form translates the Sanskrit "vid" meaning "to know" and having the strong connotation "to see". The noun form translates the Sanskrit "vidyā" meaning "knowledge" but has the strong sense of mental sight, or insight; something known/ seen in mind. Note that the English words with "vi-" or "vid-", e.g., "…
རིགས་ཤེས་
Transliteration: rigs shes
<phrase> "Reasoned understanding / cognition", an understanding or cognition obtained through reasoning.