THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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ཤེས་པ་
Transliteration: shes pa
I. <verb> v.i. ཤེས་པ་/ ཤེས་པ་/ ཤེས་པ་//. This verb means "to know" not in the sense of rational understanding but in the sense of mere registering. Hence "to be conscious of", "to be aware of", "to know", "to cognize". For example in ངོ་ཤེས་པ་ meaning "to recognize" the verb means that "another entity is known" but does not imply any rationalization or insight into that entity.
E.g., [TC] ཆོ…
རབ་
Transliteration: rab
I. <modifier> This is one of a class of modifiers called ཉེ་བསྒྱུར་ that are used in Tibetan language to modify the terms to which they are prefixed. It is the official translation equivalent of the Sanskrit modifier of the same function "upa". It indicates the maximum possibility of the words to which it is prefixed, with the sense "most", "utter", "uttermost", and the like.
1) It is used i…
མ་
Transliteration: ma
I. <consonant letter> The sixteenth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the lips; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the lips; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = joining the two lips together; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and sounded. 2) When used as a མིང་གཞི་ name-base, the c…
ལམ་ཤེས་
Transliteration: lam shes
<noun> "Knowledge of the path". The second of the མཁྱེན་པ་གསུམ་ three knowledges and the second of the ཤེར་ཕྱིན་དངོས་པོ་བརྒྱད་ eight main subjects of prajñāpāramitā. When explained in detail, it has ལམ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་བཅུ་གཅིག་ eleven topics which belong to མཁྱེན་པ་གསུམ་གྱི་ཆོས་སུམ་ཅུ་ the thirty topics of the three knowledges and are part of the ཤེར་ཕྱིན་དོན་བདུན་ཅུ་ seventy topics of prajñāpā…
ཤེས་བྱ་
Transliteration: shes bya
<noun> "Knowable". Derived from the verb ཤེས་པ་ "to know", this term is "that which can be known", "that which can be an object of knowing". It can be used in the sense of what can be known in general and can be used to mean the object that is known by a particular ཤེས་པ་ consciousness / awareness. When used as the object of a particular cognition, it is similar to the word ཡུལ་ which tends…
མར་ཤེས་
Transliteration: mar shes
<phrase> "Regarding / understanding / considering as mother", knowing to be mothers. 1) In the Mahāyāna in general, it is understood that all sentient beings have been one's mother. This phrase is often used in liturgies to sum up and remind the practitioner of that understanding. 2) In Atīśha's system of mind-training for the bodhicitta called the རྒྱུ་འབྲས་མན་ངག་བདུན་ seven instructions o…
གང་ཤེས་
Transliteration: gang shes
<phrase> 1) "What is or that which is known / aware of". 2) In coll. "How should I know? (with a shrug of the shoulders)".
ཞལ་ཤེས་
Transliteration: zhal shes
<phrase> This term is explained as follows: foremost instructions spoken in person (ཞལ་) by the guru which are necessary to be understood (ཤེས་). The phrase is used to indicate oral instructions on meditation which are important to understand because they are coming from or have come from a master of the instructions.
ཡེ་ཤེས་
Transliteration: ye shes
<noun> 1) "Wisdom". Translation of the Sanskrit "jñāna". In Sanskrit, the word "jñāna" has many meanings but it is important to note that it has an overall sense which is just the basic idea of "knowing". Of the many connotations in the original Sanskrit, the one used by the Buddha was a very literal one, and one which is close to the overall sense of the word. The sense he used was "the mo…
ངེས་ཤེས་
Transliteration: nges shes
<noun> 1) "Certainty", "conviction" meaning the particular state of mind of certainty, conviction. Note that there are many other terms in Tibetan for words similar to "certainty". Some dictionaries give English equivalents of these terms for ངེས་ཤེས་, which is a mistake. E.g. the words for བདེན་པ་ "truth", ཡིད་ཆེས་ "trust", གདེང་ "assurance" are different from ངེས་ཤེས་ "certainty". 2) A co…