THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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ཐེག་པ་གསུམ་
Transliteration: theg pa gsum
<phrase> "The three yānas" or "the three vehicles". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "trīṇi yāna".
[DGT] [NDS] [KPC] give as: 1) ཉན་ཐོས་ཀྱི་ཐེག་པ་ "Hearer's vehicle"; 2) རང་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཐེག་པ་ "Self-made buddha vehicle"; and 3) ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ "Great vehicle". However, these are the three vehicles when given in respect to the sūtra division of the great vehicle. When taken from the perspectiv…

སྐྱབས་
Transliteration: skyabs
<noun> 1) "Refuge". Translation of the Sanskrit [MVP] "saraṅa". One of many སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་མཚན་ epithets of the buddha. 2) "Refuge", "protector", "protection", "shelter". The general name for a person (not a thing!) who actually provides protection / shelter to others or who is seen by others as their place of refuge. E.g., in Tibet, in dharma circles, the honorific epithet སྐྱབས་རྗེ་ q.v. wo…

རྒྱལ་ཚབ་
Transliteration: rgyal tshab
<noun> The representative of a person in high position. E.g., the regent of a king (the crown prince), the ambassador of a government. i) It is used in Tibetan Buddhism to indicate the person, usually another high lama, who stands in for a great lama while he has died, is reborn, and is in his minority. When the great lama reaches his majority the regent steps aside and the great lama re-as…

དེ་ཁོ་ན་ཉིད་ཀྱི་དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་
Transliteration: de kho na nyid kyi dkon mchog gsum
<phrase> "The suchness Three Jewels". Jowo Je Atīśha, in explaining the various types of refuge, categorized the དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ Three Jewels in various ways. He set forth the suchness Three Jewels as the ultimate forms of the Three Jewels in accordance with the characteristics of the Three Jewels explained in the རྒྱུད་བླ་མ་ Uttaratantra. In this system, the དེ་ཁོ་ན་ཉིད་ཀྱི་སངས་རྒྱས་ suchn…

ཚོགས་གཉིས་
Transliteration: tshogs gnyis
<phrase> "The two accumulations". Translation of the Sanskrit "saṃbharo dvividhaḥ". 1) The two accumulations are two sets of things that need to be fully accumulated in order to སངས་རྒྱས་ buddhahood. They are [DGT] [NDS]: 1) བསོད་ནམས་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་ "the accumulation of merit" and 2) ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་ "the accumulation of wisdom". All of the practices of Buddhism are designed to accumulate these t…

ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་སྲས་བདུན་
Transliteration: klu sgrub kyi thugs sras bdun
<enum> "The seven heart-sons of Nāgārjuna". They are: 1) ཤཱཀྱ་མི་ཏྲ་ Śhākyamitra; 2) ནཱ་ག་བོ་དྷི་ Nāgabodhi; 3) འཕགས་པ་ལྷ་ Āryadeva; 4) མ་ཏང་ག་ Matanga; 5) སངས་རྒྱས་བསྐྱངས་ Buddhapalita; 6) ལེགས་ལྡན་འབྱེད་ Bhāvaviveka; and 7) སློབ་དཔོན་དཔའ་བོ་ Aśhvagoṣha.

བསྔགས་པའམ་བསྔགས་པ་མ་ཡིན་པ་
Transliteration: bsngags pa'am bsngags pa ma yin pa
<phrase> "Has the approval or disapproval of …". A standard phrase in the Buddhist sutras. E.g., [MP2] བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་སེམས་དཔའ་ཆེན་པོ་ནི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྔགས་པའམ། བསྔགས་པ་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཐོས་ཀྱང་བླ་ན་མེད་པ་ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་ལ་བསམ་པ་ངེས་པ་ཡིན། "Maitreya, for this, whether a bodhisatva mahāsatva hears the approval or disapproval of buddha, he is definite in his intent for unsurpassed, truly …

རིན་ཆེན་འབྱུང་གནས་
Transliteration: rin chen 'byung gnas
<noun> Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "ratnasaṃbhavaḥ". 1) [Mngon] "Jewel-source". A metaphoric name for any large body of water, such as an ocean. So-called because large bodies of water are the homes of ཀླུ་ nāgas who are attached to and hoard jewels. 2) "Ratnasaṃbhava" meaning "Source of Preciousness". The name of the Conqueror at the head of the ratna family; one of the རྒྱལ་བ་རིགས་ལ…

རབ་བི་རིབ་བི་
Transliteration: rab bi rib bi
<adj><adv> [Exp] 1) Something which is in evidence but is "indistinct" so that it cannot clearly be seen. E.g., [TC] ཡིག་གཟུགས་རབ་བི་རིབ་བི་ཞིག་ལས་མཐོང་མི་ཐུབ་པ། "the lettering could not be seen due to an indistinctness (of the letters)". E.g., སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་གསུང་ལ་རབ་རིབ་མེད་པ། "the absence of indistinctness in a buddha's speech". E.g., རབ་རིབ་ཏུ་སྨྲ་བ། "indistinct speech". 2) Not str…

ཉན་ཐོས་ཀྱི་ཐེག་པ་
Transliteration: nyan thos kyi theg pa
<phrase> "The Śhrāvaka Vehicle", "the vehicle of the Śhrāvakas", "the vehicle of the hearers". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "śhrāvakayānam". This is the ཐེག་པ་དགུ་ first of the nine vehicles or the lower of two sub-divisions of the ཐེག་པ་དམན་པ་ Lesser Vehicle q.v. which itself is the first of the ཐེག་པ་གསུམ་ three vehicles of Tibetan Buddhism. The practitioners who follow this vehicle …

ཁོ་ན་
Transliteration: kho na
<adj> "Exclusively". This term is defined as a term of exclusion: it singles out one item, showing that it is that one thing and only that, that it is that thing to the exclusion of all other things. The term is also freq. translated as "only" and sometimes as "solely". It is similar to རྐྱང་པ་ in the sense of pointing out one thing alone and similar to འབའ་ཞིག་ in the sense of point out ju…

ས་སྐྱ་པའི་ལུགས་ཀྱི་གདན་གསུམ་ཚང་བའི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་
Transliteration: sa skya pa'i lugs kyi gdan gsum tshang ba'i dkyil 'khor
<noun> "The three seats known as "the maṇḍala of the complete three seats of the Sakya tradition"". [DGT] gives as: 1) སངས་རྒྱས་དང་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་གདན་ "The seat of the buddhas and bodhisatvas"; 2) རིག་མ་དང་ལྷ་མོའི་གདན་ "the seat of the female tantrikas and devis"; and 3) ཁྲོ་བོ་དང་ཁྲོ་མོའི་གདན་ "the seat of the male and female wrathful ones".

གནས་ལུགས་ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་
Transliteration: gnas lugs phyag rgya chen po
<phrase> "Actuality, Mahāmudrā". A phrase used in the ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་ Mahāmudrā system to indicate the ground state of Mahāmudrā. The term is not difficult to understand, it really means "the fundamental reality which is called Mahāmudrā". In the sūtra system, the ground reality is called བདེར་གཤེགས་སྙིང་པོ་ sugatagarbha q.v. E.g., [SNT] དེ་ལ་དང་པོའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཞེས་བྱ་དང་། རྒྱུ་རྒྱུད་དང་ནི་གན…

སྨོན་ལམ་རྣམ་པ་གསུམ་
Transliteration: smon lam rnam pa gsum
<phrase> "The three types of aspirational prayers". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "praṇidhānaṃ trividham". Aspirational prayers in the སྨོན་ལམ་གྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་ pāramitā of aspirational prayers is explained as being of three types. Acc. [NDS] they are: 1) ཡང་དག་པའི་གནས་ལ་རབ་ཏུ་སྦྱོར་བ་ "full connection with the authentic"; 2) སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་དོན་ལ་རབ་ཏུ་སྦྱོར་བ་ "full connection with the…

ཡང་དག་པ་
Transliteration: yang dag pa
I. <noun> 1) Translation of the Sanskrit "samyag" meaning "that which is truly so". E.g., in ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ [Skt: samyaksaṃbuddha] which is a term coined by the Buddha himself to indicate a buddha who is not merely an arhat or some other lesser kind of buddha but who is, ཡང་དག་པར་ really and truly, རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ a complete buddha.
This has sometimes been translated as "pe…

ཁྱུར་པོ་
Transliteration: khyur po
<adj> meaning something taken in lump, in one entire chunk. E.g., དཀོན་མཆོག་སྐྱབས་འགྲོ་མ་བྱས་ན་ཆོས་ཟབ་མོ་གང་ཉམས་སུ་བླངས་ཀྱང་ནང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་ཁྱུར་པོ་མི་ཚུད། "if you did not take refuge in the Jewels, then no matter what profound dharma you practice, it doesn't become completely a Buddhist practice...". E.g., see ཁྱུར་པོར་མིད་པ་. E.g., ལོ་གཅིག་ཁྱུར་པོ། "one, whole year", ཉིན་མཚན་ཁྱུར་པོ། "a…

བསྟན་པ་
Transliteration: bstan pa
I. <verb> Past and fut. of v.t. སྟོན་པ་ q.v.
II. <noun> 1) "The teaching" meaning any doctrine or corpus of teaching that is presented in spiritual or secular cases. E.g., the doctrine according to any founder teacher of a religion, the subject matter of a class in a school-room, etc. Various words can be suitable in context, "presentation", "demonstration". 2) The Buddhist "teaching" …

རྡོ་རྗེ་ལྟ་བུའི་གནས་བདུན་
Transliteration: rdo rje lta bu'i gnas bdun
<enum> "The seven vajra-like topics" which are the seven main subjects of the text called རྒྱུད་བླ་མ་ "Uttaratantra" q.v. [JKE] gives as: 1) སངས་རྒྱས་ "buddha"; 2) ཆོས་ "dharma"; 3) དགེ་འདུན་ "saṅgha"; 4) ཁམས་བདེ་གཤེགས་སྙིང་པོ་ "the dhātu, sugatagarbha"; 5) བྱང་ཆུབ་ "enlightenment"; 6) ཡོན་ཏན་ "qualities"; 7) འཕྲིན་ལས་ "activities".

སེམས་སྙོམས་པ་
Transliteration: sems snyoms pa
I. <verb> see v.t. སྙོམས་པ་ for tense forms. Lit. "to maintain an even mind towards / an evenness of mind / a balanced mind". In some cases it means to have impartiality e.g., [MPP] ཀུན་དགའ་བོ་ང་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་སེམས་སྙོམས་པས་མྱུར་དུ་བླ་ན་མེད་པ་ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་སོ། "(the Buddha says:) Ānanda, I quickly achieved unsurpassed, truly complete enlightenment, m…

དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ་
Transliteration: dgra bcom pa
<noun> Lit. "foe destroyer", however it is the official equivalent of the Sanskrit "arhat" which is derived from the Sanskrit "arhan" meaning "to be worthy of praise" or "venerable". This is a case of a Sanskrit term that was not only not translated literally into Tibetan but translated very differently from the actual meaning.
The Tibetan term is glossed as one who བཅོམ་པ་ has defeated དགྲ་…

བསམ་གྱིས་མི་ཁྱབ་པ་ལྔ་
Transliteration: bsam gyis mi khyab pa lnga
<enum> "The five inconceivables". [JKE] gives as: 1) ལས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་པར་སྨིན་པ་བསམ་མི་ཁྱབ་ "the inconceivable thing of the full ripening of karma"; 2) ནོར་བུ་སྔགས་སྨན་སོགས་ཀྱི་ནུས་པ་བསམ་མི་ཁྱབ་ "... the capability of gemstones, mantra, chemical substances, and so on"; 3) རྣལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ནུས་མཐུ་བསམ་མི་ཁྱབ་ "... the powerful capabilities of yoga"; 4) བྱང་སེམས་ཀྱི་དབང་བཅུ་བསམ་མི་ཁྱབ་ "... of the ten…

ཡོན་ཏན་བརྒྱ་ཕྲག་བཅུ་གཉིས་
Transliteration: yon tan brgya phrag bcu gnyis
<enum> "The twelve, one hundred-fold good qualities". The sūtras state that twelve sets of one-hundred-fold good qualities are obtained at the time of obtaining the མཐོང་ལམ་ path of seeing. [TC] [JKE] give as follows: དུས་སྐད་ཅིག་མ་གཅིག་ལ་སངས་རྒྱས་བརྒྱའི་ཞལ་མཐོང་བ་ "in each instant the faces of one hundred buddhas are seen"; སངས་རྒྱས་བརྒྱས་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ "and one knows the blessin…

སྐུ་
Transliteration: sku
I. <noun> 1) Official translation equivalent of the Sanskrit "kāya" ཀཱ་ཡ་ q.v. with the particular meaning of "body". In this case it is the [Hon] for ལུས་ "body". The Sanskrit also has the meanings "collection", "assemblage" which Tibetan texts also explain as the meaning intended here. E.g., when speaking of the body of a buddha, the word སྐུ་ is always used. For an explanation of the var…

རྣམ་པར་སྣང་མཛད་
Transliteration: rnam par snang mdzad
<noun> Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "vairocanaḥ" which is commonly seen in transliteration as བཻ་རོ་ཙ་ན་. The Tibetan is freq. abbrev. to རྣམ་སྣང་. 1) "Illuminator". The name of the Conqueror at the head of the buddha family; one of the རྒྱལ་བ་རིགས་ལྔ་ "five conqueror families" or དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་རིགས་ལྔ་ "Five tathāgata families" or སངས་རྒྱས་ལྔ་ "Five Buddhas" q.v. See also སྟུག་པོ་བཀ…

ཐེག་ཆེན་གྱི་ས་བཅུ་གསུམ་
Transliteration: theg chen gyi sa bcu gsum
<phrase> "The thirteen grounds / bhūmis of the Great Vehicle / Mahāyāna".
I. The thirteen bhūmis of all the ārya beings of the ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ Great Vehicle, both bodhisatvas and buddhas. They are the ཐེག་ཆེན་གྱི་ས་བཅུ་ "ten bodhisatva bhūmis of the Mahāyāna" followed by སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ས་གསུམ་ "the three bhūmis of a buddha" q.v.
II. [DGT] gives an alternative formulation. Usually the thirteen gro…