THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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སུ་
Transliteration: su
I. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of four phrase connectors called the སྤྱི་ལ་ཁྱབ་པའི་ཚིག་ཕྲད་ "generality phrase connectors". It can function both as an interrogative and non-interrogative. It is related to the connector གང་. However, whereas གང་ can have the two meanings "who / what" i.e., can be used both for animate and inanimate things, this connector has the specific featu…
རིང་
Transliteration: ring
A basic intertsheg of the language with the general sense of the "long", as in long time, long length, far distance. It is combined with various other མིང་ grammatical names or ཚིག་ཕྲད་ connectors to give words that contain its meaning.
གལ་སྲིད་
Transliteration: gal srid
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> with the very similar meaning and same usage as གལ་ཏེ་. This term would never be used for logical statements. It has the sense of "if that were so then..." as a matter of considering a possibility or looking into a doubt.
ཅིའི་ཕྱིར་
Transliteration: ci'i phyir
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> A compound connector which can mean "for which reason", "why", "because of which" with each one being possible either as interrogative and non-interrogative. E.g., in ཅི་ཕྱིར་ཞེ་ན་ which is how an author, in Tibetan literature, poses the question "Why?" or "Why is that so?".
པོས་
Transliteration: pos
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> 1) Contraction of པོ་ཡིས་. The connector པོ་ followed by the case marker ཡིས་ q.v. giving the agentive case. 2) Contraction of པོ་ལས་. The explanations of these two meanings are exactly the same as for the two given under the related term པས་ q.v.
ཕྲད་ཀྱི་ཡི་གེ་
Transliteration: phrad kyi yi ge
<phrase> "Letter which is a connector" meaning a single, written letter which functionally speaking is not a letter but a ཚིག་ཕྲད་ grammatical connector q.v.
There are several groups of connectors which are one letter only. Grammatically speaking, when parsing Tibetan writing, these single letters are not considered as ཡི་གེ་ letters or མིང་ names but as "connectors". When a connector is com…
གྱིན་
Transliteration: gyin
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of three ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connectors; the other two connectors are ཀྱིན་ and གིན་.
Placement: all three are གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors which are placed according to the rules of the ཨི་ལྡན་མཐུན་པའི་སྒྲ་ "terms having the vowel i which are in harmony" i.e., the connectors ཀྱི་, གི་, and གྱི་. This connector is placed following the rules for plac…

རིམ་
Transliteration: rim
A basic intertsheg of the Tibetan language that has the meaning "step", "stage" in any sequence, progression, or succession. It is combined with various other མིང་ grammatical names or ཚིག་ཕྲད་ connectors to give words that contain its meaning e.g., རིམ་གྱིས་ meaning "gradually, by degrees, step by step, progressively, sequentially", etc.
ཤེ་ན་
Transliteration: she na
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of three compound connectors: ཅེ་ན་, ཞེ་ན་, and ཤེ་ན་.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of them is required, this one must be used after words that end in ས་.
Meaning: see the first of the group ཅེ་ན་ for the meaning and example. This one is derived from the phrase connector ཤེ་ q.v.

བཀྲ་
Transliteration: bkra
"Clear with its beautiful, many colours". A basic intertsheg of the Tibetan language with the general sense of brilliance of colour or brilliance of visual appearance. It does not have the sense of "glittering" which has often been ascribed to it. It is combined with various other མིང་ grammatical names or ཚིག་ཕྲད་ connectors to give words that contain its meaning.
གཞན་དབང་ཅན་
Transliteration: gzhan dbang can
<phrase> 1) "Other-controlled" or "dependent". Generally meaning that which is controlled by or affected by some other agent, which is not independent of other influences; see གཞན་དབང་. 2) "Dependent". The name of one of two classes of what are called ཚིག་ཕྲད་ "phrase connectors" in Tibetan grammar q.v. for explanation.