THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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ཐོད་པ་
Transliteration: thod pa
I. <noun> "Skull", "human skull". 1) "Skull", "skull-bone". The human skull itself. 2) "Skull-cup". Translation of the Sanskrit "kapāla"; ཀ་པཱ་ལ་ q.v. A vessel made from the top half of a human skull and used in secret mantra practices. In those practices it is also referred to with the Sanskrit terms བྷནྡ་ "bhandha" and ཀ་པཱ་ལ་ "kapāla". It is also called [VCT] བདེ་སྐྱོང་ or བདེ་བ་སྐྱོང་.
I…
ཚར་
Transliteration: tshar
I. <adv> Equivalent to ཐེངས་ and ལན་ meaning the number of times that something is done or repeated. E.g., ཡང་བསྐྱར་ཚར་གཅིག་བཤད་རོ་གནང་། "please explain it one more time". E.g., ཚར་ཅི་མང་གིས་ "however many times".
II. <noun> 1) "Line" or "row" or "string (of things)". 2) "Thread" meaning a sequence of things that belong to one set. In discussions of རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ it is used to have the m…
ཀུམ་ཀུམ་
Transliteration: kum kum
<phrase> [Onomat] "Huddled up", "in a huddle"; having the arms and legs drawn in in a huddled position. E.g., འཁྱགས་ནས་ཀུམ་ཀུམ་དུ་བསྡད་འདུག "He stayed huddled up due to the cold". E.g., ལྷགས་པ་དཔེ་མེད་རུས་པ་ལ་ཡང་ཐིང་བ་ཡིས། །ལུས་སྦྲེབས་འདར་ཤིང་བསྐུར་ནས་ཀུམ་ཀུམ་པོར་འདུག་པ། "Winds colder than can be illustrated, a cold that goes even deeper than the bones, have them shivering with cold and sta…
བསྡུ་རིམ་
Transliteration: bsdu rim
<noun> 1) "Gathering phase / stage" or "condensing stage". In the practice of the visualisation of a deity, after the recitation is complete, the deity and its environment are gathered back step by step and finally dissolved into emptiness-luminosity. This phase of the practice is called the "gathering phase" or the ཐིམ་རིམ་ "subsidence phase" q.v. See བསྡུ་བ་ for notes on the translation. …
བརྡ་རྟགས་
Transliteration: brda rtags
<noun> Although it might be tempting simply to translate this a "sign", "symbol", etc., it does have more meaning than either of བརྡ་ and རྟགས་ alone q.v. E.g., [CSG] རྨི་ལམ་གྱི་བརྡའ་རྟགས་རྣམས་བྱུང་བ་ means that there were བརྡའ་ signs in a dream—things that communicated meaning to the dreamer—which were རྟགས་ marks—of progress on the path or other such specific things. In some circumstances…
རྨུགས་པ་
Transliteration: rmugs pa
I. <verb> Past of རྨུག་པ་ q.v.
II. <noun> 1) "Fog", "fogginess" and also "obscuring clouds" which are causing gloom / darkness. Also, the "gloom" or darkness caused. 2) Hence, a metaphor for "unclearness of mind"—"fogginess (of mind)", "cloudiness of mind", "dullness" of mind. 3) "Dullness". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "styānam". As one of the ཉེ་བའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ཉི་ཤུ་ twenty subs…
ཕུང་གསུམ་པ་
Transliteration: phung gsum pa
<phrase> "The third heap" "or "the third possibility". A term of Great Completion. It is explained by Khenpo Drala of Dzogchen Monastery like this.
༄། །ཕུང་གསུམ་པ་ནི་གཉིས་ཀའི་མཐའ་ལ་མ་ལྷུང་བའི་བར་ལ་ཟེར། དཔེར་ན་ཐོག་མའི་སྤྱི་གཞི་དེ་ལ་རང་ངོ་རིག་པའི་རྣམ་མཁྱེན་མེད་པའི་ཆ་ནས་མྱང་འདས་ཀྱང་མིན་ལ། འཁྲུལ་བ་རང་མཚན་པ་དངོས་ད་ལྟ་མེད་པའི་ཆ་ནས་འཁོར་བ་ཡང་མིན་པའི་ཕུང་གསུམ་པ་སྟེ་དེ་གཉིས་ཀ་མིན་པའི་གཞན་པའོ།།
"It is …
ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་
Transliteration: lha ma yin
<noun> "Demi-god(s)". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "asuraḥ".
1) One of the འགྲོ་བ་རིགས་དྲུག་ six classes of migrators. They are a class of beings in cyclic existence who live in a realm higher than humans but who did not quite make it to the great happiness of "gods" or "devas"; hence their name which means "almost gods", "didn't quite make it gods", "not having the happiness of the god…
རབ་
Transliteration: rab
I. <modifier> This is one of a class of modifiers called ཉེ་བསྒྱུར་ that are used in Tibetan language to modify the terms to which they are prefixed. It is the official translation equivalent of the Sanskrit modifier of the same function "upa". It indicates the maximum possibility of the words to which it is prefixed, with the sense "most", "utter", "uttermost", and the like.
1) It is used i…
བཀའ་གདམས་ཆོས་བཞི་
Transliteration: bka' gdams chos bzhi
<noun> "The four dharmas of the Kadam". Atīśha declared that his stages of the path teaching embodied in the བྱང་ཆུབ་ལམ་གྱི་སྒྲོན་མེ་ The Lamp of Path to Enlightenment q.v. had four greatnesses to it that distinguished it from all other teachings. His lineage of teachings became known as the བཀའ་གདམས་པ་ Kadampa, so these four things became known as the four dharmas of the Kadampa's. See und…
འདུས་མ་བྱས་གསུམ་
Transliteration: 'dus ma byas gsum
<phrase> "The three non-composites". According to the བྱེ་བྲག་ཏུ་སྨྲ་བ་ Vaibhāṣhika school of Buddhist philosophy, these are [DGT] and [NDS]: 1) ནམ་མཁའ་ "space"; 2) སོ་སོར་བརྟགས་པའི་འགོག་པ་ "the cessation due to individual examination"; and 3) སོ་སོར་བརྟགས་མིན་གྱི་འགོག་པ་ "the cessation not due to individual examination". See also འདུས་མ་བྱས་ "non-composite".
འཕགས་པའི་སྐྱེ་བོ་
Transliteration: 'phags pa'i skye bo
<phrase> "Superior being(s)" or "Noble being(s). Translation of the Sanskrit "āryajana". Used in contrast to སོ་སོའི་སྐྱེ་བོ་ "individualized beings" (q.v. for more information) to indicate beings who have attained the level of an འཕགས་པ་ ārya "superior" or "noble" being and hence who have left the bonds of འཁོར་བ་ cyclic existence. This term emphasizes the fact that someone has taken a bir…
བླུག་པ་
Transliteration: blug pa
<verb> v.t. བླུགས་པ་/ བླུག་པ་/ བླུག་པ་/ བླུགས་/. In the case of liquids "to pour into" and in the case of solids "to put into". Note that the sense is that of "putting into" only. Note that it does not have the sense and is not used for "pouring out" waste liquids or "putting things out" from somewhere; the verb for that འབོ་བ་ q.v. E.g., [TC] ཇ་ཆང་བླུགས་པ། "to have poured tea and beer (int…
ལྷག་པའི་བསམ་པ་བསྟན་པའི་ལེའུ་
Transliteration: lhag pa'i bsam pa bstan pa'i le'u
<noun> "The Chapter Showing the Special Thought". A sūtra from the Mahāyāna sūtra section. The full name in Sanskrit is "ārya sthirādhyāśhayaparivarta nāma Mahāyānasūtra" and in Tibetan is འཕགས་པ་ལྷག་པའི་བསམ་པ་བསྟན་པའི་ལེའུ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ་. Translated into Tibetan by Surendrabodhi, prajñāvarma, and ཞང་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྡེ་ Yeshe De.
སྨོན་སེམས་བསླབ་བྱ་བརྒྱད་
Transliteration: smon sems bslab bya brgyad
<enum> [JKE] gives as: 1) ཚེ་འདིར་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་མི་ཉམས་པར་འཕེལ་བའི་ཐབས་བཞི་ ""; 2) སེམས་བསྐྱེད་ཀྱི་ཕན་ཡོན་དྲན་པ་ ""; 3) ཉིན་མཚན་ལན་དྲུག་ཏུ་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་པ་ ""; 4) སེམས་ཅན་བློས་སྤོང་བ་ ""; 5) ཚོགས་གཉིས་བསགས་པ་ "".
སད་མི་མི་བདུན་
Transliteration: sad mi mi bdun
<enum> "The seven trial men". These were seven men chosen to be the first monks in Tibet; they were the given ordination as a trial to test whether Tibetans were capable of observing monks' vows. They were given the ordination by མཁན་ཆེན་བོདྷི་སཏྭ་ "the great abbot bodhisatva" q.v.
[DGT] [JKE] give as: 1) སྦ་གསལ་སྣང་ "Ba Salnang" (also called སྦ་ཁྲི་བཞེར་ "Bathri Zher"); 2) མཆིམས་ཤཱཀྱ་པྲ་བྷ་…
བོ་
Transliteration: bo
I.A.<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> It is one of several accessories that provide the བདག་པོའི་སྒྲ་ "term of the owner".
Placement: These connectors are ཕྲད་རང་དབང་ཅན་ the independent type.
Meaning: There are male, female, and neutral forms of the term of the owner. This and བ་ provide the gender inclusive form (མ་ནིང་ which can mean either neuter or inclusive of both male and female); པ་ and པོ་…

སྲུབ་པ་
Transliteration: srub pa
I. <verb> v.t. བསྲུབས་པ་/ སྲུབ་པ་/ བསྲུབ་པ་/ སྲུབས་/. 1) "To churn". E.g., [TC] འོ་མ་བསྲུབས་ནས་མར་བཏོན་པ། "churned the milk and produced butter"; ཇ་བསྲུབས་མ་སྲུབས་ཤིག "churn the tea with the churning stick". 2) Similar to གཙུབ་པ་ "to rub (together)" e.g., གཙུབས་ཤིང་གཙུབས་གཏན་བསྲུབས་ནས་མེ་བྱུང་བ། "the production of fire by rubbing a rubbing stick and rubbing support together."
II. <adj>…
གཟའ་
Transliteration: gza'
<noun> Translation of the Sanskrit "rāhu". 1) Heavenly bodies, i.e., planets (and their moons). The Tibetan understanding of this word and the derived གཟའ་སྒྲ་གཅན་ q.v. can be very complex. The heavenly bodies were personified as real forces that affected life. For example, some listings of the སྡེ་བརྒྱད་ eight classes of gods and spirits includes heavenly bodies as a god/spirit because of …
ཐེའུ་
Transliteration: the'u
<noun> This term has the general meaning of anything with closed ends and a bulbous middle. For example, in the word ཐེའུ་རང་ it means dwarf-like beings who have the chubby appearance well-known in Western folk lore. This chubby appearance is the real meaning of the term. 1) Any kind of small "seal" or "stamp". Tibetan seals and stamps had this kind of bulbous appearance just mentioned. 2) …
རེག་ཟིག་
Transliteration: reg zig
<noun> [Old] Acc. [LGK] this term was revised during the སྐད་གསར་བཅད་ language revisions and meant, when written in new signs, ཟིན་བྲིས་ q.v. E.g., [LGK] ཡི་གེའི་རྐྱེན་སྦྱར་བ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས། སྐྱོགས་སྟོན་གྱིས་རེག་ཟིག་ཏུ་བཀོད་པའོ།། "Chogton wrote the text in order to set out his notes (for the advice of others)".
རྗེས་སུ་
Transliteration: rjes su
<adv> "After", "subsequent to", "subsequently" either in time or place.
Note that the term was often used to translate specific Sanskrit parts of speech into Tibetan and sometimes the resulting compound does not translate literally into English. E.g., in རྗེས་སུ་དྲན་པ་ it means to re-collect, to bring something that happened earlier or existed earlier back to mind. E.g., in རྗེས་སུ་སྐྱོང་བ་ …
སྤང་
Transliteration: spang
I. <verb> Part of the fut. of v.t. སྤོང་བ་ q.v.
II. <noun> 1) Any area covered in short, green grass. Hence "grassland", "meadow", "lawn", "turf", "green-sward", "(a) moss", "grassy plain". 2) "Verdigris". A specific colour. [RYD] mistakenly gives it as the medium green of malachite. It is "verdigris" exactly (see next meaning). 3) "Verdigris". The oxidation product of brass.
རྒྱལ་
Transliteration: rgyal
I. <verb> Part of རྒྱལ་བ་ q.v.
II. <noun> 1) Used with the sense of royal, kingly, victory, etc., either alone or in conjunction with other words; see རྒྱལ་བ་. 2) The "winnings" put down when playing any kind of game when winnings are to be had. This is same as the སྐུགས་ "stake" in the game e.g., in a betting game, it could be the རྒྱན་ bet in a "wager". 3) "Puṣhya". The name of a sta…