THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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སྐུའི་སྐྱོན་མེད་པའི་དཔེ་བྱད་བཞི་
Transliteration: sku'i skyon med pa'i dpe byad bzhi
"The four minor marks of faultless body". One group of the སྐྱེས་བུ་ཆེན་པོའི་དཔེ་བྱད་བཟང་པོ་བརྒྱད་ཅུ་ eighty excellent marks of a great being q.v. They are: 1) སྐུ་ལ་སྨེ་བ་དང་གནག་བག་མེད་པའི་དཔེ་བྱད་ "body is free of freckles and moles"; 2) སྐུ་རྣམ་པར་དག་པའི་དཔེ་བྱད་ "a completely pure body"; 3) སྐུ་གཙང་བའི་དཔེ་བྱད་ "a clean body"; 4) སྐུ་བྱི་དོར་བྱས་པ་ལྟ་བུའི་དཔེ་བྱད་ "a body which seems to be cl…
ཕྱིར་བཅོས་
Transliteration: phyir bcos
<noun> "Repair" or "fix". Translation of the Sanskrit "pratikriyā" where the Sanskrit lit. means the act of putting something that has gone wrong back to where it was before. The Tibetan has the same meaning though has the lit. sense of "re-adjusting". 1) "Repair", "fix", "correction", "re-adjustment". Used in general to indicate the repair of any situation that has gone wrong. 2) "Repair".…
བུ་ཡུག་
Transliteration: bu yug
<noun> A "snow-storm". This term means a situation where snow is falling very heavily, where a lot of snow is coming down. The term does not imply an extra degree of coldness which the term "blizzard" can imply but simply means that there is a lot of snow coming down (e.g., "blizzard conditions across the United States, with sub-zero temperatures" is a common usage in the United States duri…
ཚངས་པ་
Transliteration: tshangs pa
I. <noun> Translation of the Sanskrit "brahmā" which is the name of the great god "Brahmā".
1) Brahmā is one of the ལྷ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ eight great gods and ལྷ་བཞི་ four gods and ལྷའི་གཙོ་བོ་གསུམ་ three principal gods. Note that where Hindu and other Indian spiritual traditions see Brahmā as a universal and omnipotent principle that pervades all existence, the Buddhists see Brahmā as a god in a hi…
སྣང་གྲག་
Transliteration: snang grag
<phrase> Lit. "sights and sounds" as in whatever སྣང་བ་ sights are appear to the eyes and གྲག་པ་ sounds are heard with the ears. However, the term usually means "the appearances that come to mind through the five senses, what is seen, heard, and so on". The term is used heavily in Vajra Vehicle literature with this overall meaning. The reason for mentioning only sights and sounds despite in…
གསོབ་པ་
Transliteration: gsob pa
I. <verb> v.t. བསབས་པ་/ གསོབ་པ་/ བསབ་པ་/ སོབས་/. 1) For someone else to assist and provide what is necessary to complete someone else's obligation. "To fill in", "to make up". E.g., [TC] དྲིན་ལན་བསབ་ཆོག་པ། "it appropriate to repay kindness"; བུ་ལོན་གསོབ་པ། "to make up the remainder of the debt". 2) "To supply extra" or "to make up" with the extra required, "to fill out with" the missing amo…
བྱང་
Transliteration: byang
I. <verb> Part of བྱང་བ་ q.v.
II. <noun> 1) "North". The direction North is the བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ cardinal "northern" direction. North is one of ཕྱོགས་བཅུ་ the ten directions mentioned in ancient Indian culture and Tibetan culture following it. 2) The name of a nomad district in Northern Tibet. [RYD] gives as དོན་སྔགས་བྱང་. The term is often seen with the sense of the herds being out loose on…
བརྩོན་འགྲུས་རྣམ་པ་གསུམ་
Transliteration: brtson 'grus rnam pa gsum
<enum> "The three types of perseverance". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "vīryam trividhaṃ". Perseverance in the བརྩོན་འགྲུས་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་ pāramitā of perseverance is explained as being of three types.
[NDS] gives as: 1) གོ་ཆའི་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་ "armour-like perseverance"; 2) སྦྱོར་བའི་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་ "applied perseverance"; 3) ཡོངས་སུ་མཐར་ཐུག་པའི་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་ "overall ultimate perseveranc…
ཁ་ཞེ་
Transliteration: kha zhe
<phrase> Lit. "what you say and what you think". Saying something and having thoughts that match or which are different. The phrase can be used either negatively or positively, depending on the rest of the sentence construction. E.g., [TC] ཁ་ཞེ་མཚུངས་པ། "words and thoughts matching" will be a positive statement usually. Its opp. ཁ་ཞེ་མི་མཚུངས་པ་ "inconsistency betwen words and thoughts" is …
རྨ་རིན་ཆེན་མཆོག་
Transliteration: rma rin chen mchog
<noun> "Ma Rinchen Chog". One of the ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་རབ་དགུ་ nine best translators at the time of ཁྲི་སྲོང་ལྡེའུ་བཙན་ King Trisong Deutsen and, acc. to one enumeration, one of སད་མི་མི་བདུན་ the seven trial men q.v. He was one of the group of རྗེ་འབངས་ཉི་ཤུ་ལྔ་ "the twenty-five, Lord and subjects". He became famous as one of a group of three especially effective and prolific translators; see སྐ་ཅོག…
འབོགས་པ་
Transliteration: 'bogs pa
I. <verb> Past of v.t. form I འབོག་པ་ q.v.
II. <verb> v.t. ཕོག་པ་/ འབོགས་པ་/ དབོག་པ་/ ཕོག་/. Intransitive form is ཕོག་པ་ q.v. and related is འབོག་པ་ form II q.v. The basic meaning is that someone gives something that they have to another person but the particular connotation is that is passed from one to the other. The Tibetan has the sense that it is sent from one so that it strikes a…
འབྱམ་པ་
Transliteration: 'byam pa
<verb> v.i. འབྱམས་པ་/ འབྱམ་པ་/ འབྱམ་པ་//. 1) "To take off and spread out". E.g., གཏམ་བཟང་ཕྱོགས་ཀུན་ཏུ་འབྱམ་པ། "the good word took off and spread in all directions"; སྲོལ་ངན་མ་དག་རྒྱུན་འབྱམས་སུ་འགྲོར་མི་འཇུག "don't allow the bad system to continue on uncorrected". 2) "To go on", i.e., for something to continue on and on unnecessarily. E.g., ལས་དོན་ཆུང་བ་སྣ་གཅིག་ལ་ཟླ་ཞག་མང་པོ་འབྱམས་པ། "the mi…
ཞེད་པ་
Transliteration: zhed pa
I. <verb> v.i. ཞེད་པ་/ ཞེད་པ་/ ཞེད་པ་//. "To be afraid". This verb is one of several verbs related to fear. Each verb, including this one has its particular sense and it is important when translating not to confuse them. Like སྐྲག་པ་ this verb means "to be afraid of something". However, where སྐྲག་པ་ means being afraid because something fearful is presenting itself to the physical senses, t…
ཀེ་ཏུ་
Transliteration: ke tu
"<noun> Ketu". Translit. of the Sanskrit "ketu". Ancient Indian legend held that there were two beings, one called Rāhu and one called Ketu who were connected with disturbing the planets and stars. Ketu was the personification of what modern science calls "a comet". The roles of Rāhu and Ketu in astrology are very complex and not easy to explain. 1) "Ketu" as the personification of planetar…
ཆོམ་པ་
Transliteration: chom pa
I. <verb> v.i. ཆོམ་པ་/ ཆོམ་པ་/ ཆོམ་པ་//. Transitive form is འཇོམས་པ་ q.v. "To have been overcome / subdued". The result after the transitive form འཇོམས་པ་ has happened. E.g., [TC] དགྲ་བཅོམ་ནས་ཆོམ་པ། "the enemy, having been subdued, was overcome (an example that shows the meaning first of the transitive then the intransitive form and how they relate)"; ཐོ་བ་ཆུང་ངུས་ངར་ལྕགས་ཆེན་པོ་ཆོམ་པར་མི་ན…
ཉ་
Transliteration: nya
I. <consonant letter> The eighth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = རྐན་སྣ་དང་བཅས་པ་ the palate together with the nose; བྱེད་པ་ producer = ལྕེ་དབུས་ the upper, central part of the tongue; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = joining the tongue to the palate; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ ou…
དུས་གསུམ་
Transliteration: dus gsum
I. <phrase> In general, "the three times" of past, present, and future: འདས་པ་ "past", ད་ལྟ་བ་, "present", and མ་འོངས་པ་ "future".
II. <phrase> In grammar, "the three tenses". They are: 1) དུས་འདས་པ་ "past tense"; 2) དུས་ད་ལྟ་བ་ "present tense", and 3) དུས་མ་འོངས་པ་ "future tense".
Tibetan grammar does not speak of further tenses as part of the grammatically-defined tenses for example, …
ཁ་དོག་
Transliteration: kha dog
<noun> "Colour". Translation of the Sanskrit "varṇa". The colour of something. Derived from ཁ་ཡི་མདོག་ and meaning the colour that the surface of something presents, the colour which is perceived for something. 1) In general, the "colour" that something appears to be. 2) In Abhidharma, this is a contraction of ཁ་དོག་གི་གཟུགས་ q.v., where it specifically refers to colour which is one of the …
དྲག་པོ་བཅུ་གཅིག་
Transliteration: drag po bcu gcig
<phrase> "The eleven wrathful ones". The name for the third group of the thirty-three chiefs of the gods of སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་གསུམ་ The Thirty-Three. They are the eleventh to twenty-first of the thirty-three chiefs. [DGT] gives their names as: 1) མ་སྐྱེས་; 2) རྐང་གཅིག་འཕེལ་; 3) བསྟོད་; 4) དྲག་པོ་; 5) བརྩོན་འགྲུས་ལྡན་; 6) འཕྲོག་བྱེད་; 7) བདེ་འབྱུང་; 8) སྤྱན་གསུམ་; 9) གཞན་ལས་རྒྱལ་བ་; 10) དབང་ལྡན་; 11…
མཛད་བྱང་
Transliteration: mdzad byang
<noun> "Colophon". The standard colophon for a མཛད་པ་ written work. In Sanskrit and Tibetan following it, it contains the author's name at least. It might also contain details of when and where the text was composed. In the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, it would also contain the names of the people who translated it into Tibetan. E.g., དབ་མ་དྲུག་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་སློབ་དཔོན་མཁས་པ་མཻ་ཏྲི་པས་རྫོགས་སོ། …
བྲུག་པ་
Transliteration: brug pa
I. <verb> v.i. བྲུག་པ་/ བྲུག་པ་/ བྲུག་པ་//. "For liquid to increase and become full in amount" i.e., "to well up", "to fill" and for bodies of water "to swell" or "to become swollen". [RYD] gives "to gush" but that means for waters to run fast with a lot of water; this simply means to well up with water or other liquid. E.g., [TC] འོ་བྲུག "welled up with milk (e.g., a woman's breast)"; རྫིང…
བྲ་ཏི་དགེ་བཤེས་
Transliteration: bra ti dge bshes
<noun> "Drati Geshe". The name usually given to བྲ་ཏི་དགེ་བཤེས་རིན་ཆེན་དོན་གྲུབ་ "Drati geshe rinchen dondrub". Name of a great Tibetan grammarian of the 17th-18th century. These days the three great Tibetan grammarians of the past are spoken of in the formulation ཞྭ་རྣམ་བྲ་གསུམ་ "the three—Zhva, Nam, and Dra". He is the third of the three, the others being ཞྭ་ལུ་ལོཙྪ་བ་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་བཟང་པོ་ Zh…
དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་མངོན་པར་ཤེས་པ་དྲུག་
Transliteration: de bzhin gshegs pa'i mngon par shes pa drug
<phrase>"The six extra-perceptions of a tathāgata". See under མངོན་པར་ཤེས་པ་དྲུག་ "six extra-perceptions". [KPC] gives as: 1) ལྷའི་མིག་ "eye of the gods"; 2) ལྷའི་རྣ་བ་ "ear of the gods"; 3) སེམས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་གྲངས་ཤེས་པ་ "knowledge of the enumerations of mind (knowing other's minds)"; 4) ལུས་ཀྱི་རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་ཤེས་པ་ "knowledge of miraculous activity"; 5) སྔོན་གྱི་གནས་རྗེས་སུ་དྲན་པ་; and 6) ཟག་པ་ཟད་པ…
ཡོན་ཏན་བརྒྱ་ཕྲག་བཅུ་གཉིས་
Transliteration: yon tan brgya phrag bcu gnyis
<enum> "The twelve, one hundred-fold good qualities". The sūtras state that twelve sets of one-hundred-fold good qualities are obtained at the time of obtaining the མཐོང་ལམ་ path of seeing. [TC] [JKE] give as follows: དུས་སྐད་ཅིག་མ་གཅིག་ལ་སངས་རྒྱས་བརྒྱའི་ཞལ་མཐོང་བ་ "in each instant the faces of one hundred buddhas are seen"; སངས་རྒྱས་བརྒྱས་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ "and one knows the blessin…
བཀྲེས་པ་
Transliteration: bkres pa
I. <verb> v.i. བཀྲེས་པ་/ བཀྲེས་པ་/ བཀྲེས་པ་//. "To be hungry"; same meaning as ལྟོགས་པ་ q.v. E.g., [TC] གྲོད་ཁོག་བཀྲེས་པ། lit. "to have a hungry stomach" but this is the standard Tibetan way of saying "to be hungry".
II. <noun> See also སྐོམ་པ་ "thirst". 1) "Hunger" / "hungry person" in the general sense of hunger. E.g., བཀྲེས་པ་དང་སྐོམ་པ་ "hunger and thirst" which according to the Bud…