THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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བཀྲ་ཤིས་
Transliteration: bkra shis
<noun> 1) "Auspiciousness / goodness". The term has the connotation of everything being completely good. It tends to have two main meanings from that: "goodness" and "auspiciousness", though there are other possibilities depending on context such as "fortune / prosperity / happiness and etc., all things good and that all things do go well". E.g., in one well-known prayer in Kagyu texts, the…
བཏུབ་པ་
Transliteration: btub pa
<noun> Although not classified as a verb in Tibetan grammar, it is frequently used as the equivalent of the future "can" and "shall". In Tibetan, it is regarded as having the combined meaning of a) the special meaning of ཐུབ་པ་ q.v. that something could happen and b) that it is རུང་བ་ all right for it to happen and that perhaps it should happen.
At times, it has the straightforward sense of …
འབྲུ་
Transliteration: 'bru
I. <verb> See འབྲུ་བ་.
II. <noun> 1) "Grain". A general name for "grain" i.e., wheat, barley, rice, etc. 2) i) A particle of something, a single piece or "bit" of something larger, a single "component" of something, an "element" of something, or a single "member" of a grouping. E.g., a grain of wheat. Note that this term is quite generic and can be mixed with the name of any compound t…
རིག་གདངས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལུ་གུ་རྒྱུད་
Transliteration: rig gdangs rdo rje lu gu rgyud
<phrase> "Rigpa's output, the vajra chains". A term of the ཐོད་རྒལ་ Direct Crossing path of རྫོགས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ The Great Completion. "Rigpa" is a special term of that path, རིག་པ་ q.v. Rigpa itself is pure knowing but it has the རྩལ་ capacity to express itself. When it expresses itself, it comes as the རིག་གདངས་ output of the rigpa. The vajra "chains" are a specific form of that output which a…
མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ་
Transliteration: mya ngan las 'das pa
I. <verb> Past of མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདའ་བ་.
II. <noun> "nirvāṇa". Translation of the Sanskrit "nirvāṇa". The result obtained by practising the Buddhist path through to its end which is the end of སྡུག་བསྔལ་ unsatisfactoriness. The result is defined in different ways in accordance with the particular Buddhist path that has been practiced and for this reason different types of nirvāṇa are disting…
མགྲིན་པ་
Transliteration: mgrin pa
<noun> 1) "Throat". The area of the body, at the throat, connected with speech. For terms that mean "neck" as opposed to throat, see སྐེ་, མཇིང་པ་, and ལྟག་པ་. Similar words (not synonyms) are: ལྐོག་མ་, སྐེ་, མགུར་, མགུལ་པ་, མགོ་རྟེན་, མགོ་འཛིན་, and ཨོག་མ་. 2) Meaning "voice" as in མགྲིན་གཅིག་ q.v. 3) The "throat" is one of the སྐྱེ་གནས་ "production places", the places in the head and thro…
འབྲེལ་བའི་སྒྲ་
Transliteration: 'brel ba'i sgra
<noun> "Connective term". The name given to any one of the connectors showing the འབྲེལ་བ་ the connective case, the རྣམ་དབྱེ་དྲུག་པ་ sixth case of grammar, when it is actually in position and functioning as the case marker. Prior to application, the connectors are called འབྲེལ་བའི་རྐྱེན་ "circumstances of connection" (see རྐྱེན་ circumstances).
Of the various རྣམ་དབྱེའི་ཕྲད་ case connectors,…
འབྱིད་པ་
Transliteration: 'byid pa
I. <verb> v.t. ཕྱིས་པ་/ འབྱིད་པ་/ དབྱི་བ་/ ཕྱིས་/. To clean anything by the action of wiping, rubbing. 1) i)"To wipe (clean)" in the general sense of cleaning something by rubbing at it or wiping it off e.g., in the common phrase འབྱིད་བདར་ meaning the general process of cleaning by rubbing, wiping, dusting etc. The verb is often used in with this general sense to mean "to clean house" or "…
སྐྱེ་མཆེད་བཅུ་གཉིས་
Transliteration: skye mched bcu gnyis
<enum> "The twelve āyatanas". Human beings have twelve སྐྱེ་མཆེད་ "āyatanas" q.v. [NDS] gives their abbrev. names as: 1) མིག་ "eye"; 2) རྣ་བ་ "ear"; 3) སྣ་ "nose"; 4) ལྕེ་ "tongue"; 5) ལུས་ "body"; 6) ཡིད་ "mind"; 7) གཟུགས་ "form"; 8) སྒྲ་ "sound"; 9) དྲི་ "smell"; 10) རོ་ "taste"; 11) རེག་བྱ་ "touch"; 12) ཆོས་ "dharmas".
These are called in full: 1) མིག་གི་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་ "eye āyatana"; 2) རྣ་བའ…
གཞི་ཤེས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་དགུ་
Transliteration: gzhi shes kyi chos dgu
<enum> "The nine topics of the knowledge of the basis". The first main subject of the ཤེར་ཕྱིན་དངོས་པོ་བརྒྱད་ eight main subjects of prajñāpāramitā is called གཞི་ཤེས་ knowledge of the basis. It is explained via nine topics [JKE]: 1) ཤེས་པས་སྲིད་ལ་མི་གནས་པའི་གཞི་ཤེས་ knowledge of the basis which is not dwelling in cyclic existence through knowledge; 2) སྙིང་རྗེས་ཞི་ལ་མི་གནས་པའི་གཞི་ཤེས་ know…
མཁས་པ་
Transliteration: mkhas pa
Note that this term has several connotations related to the ideas of "expert", "intelligent", "learned", "knowledgeable".
I. <verb> v.i. མཁས་པ་/ མཁས་པ་/ མཁས་པ་//. "To be skilled" or "to be expert" in some subject or activity. I.e., to have come to full comprehension of some study and to be very able in that area of study. E.g., ཡིག་གེ་ལ་མཁས་པ། "to be expert in letters"; སྒོམ་པའི་སྐོར་མཁས་པ། …
འཐད་པ་
Transliteration: 'thad pa
I. <verb> v.i. འཐད་པ་/ འཐད་པ་/ འཐད་པ་//. 1) Similar to རིགས་པ་, འོས་པ་, and རུང་བ་: "to be acceptable because it makes sense logically, or is somehow suitable or appropriate". It is often used in the sense "to be agreeable" in that it is something that one part is willing to go along with. E.g., [TC] སྐད་ཆ་དེ་ལྟར་བཤད་ན་མི་འཐད། "we could not agree with that sort of explanation" or "we that k…
སྡུམ་པ་
Transliteration: sdum pa
I. <verb> v.t. བསྡུམས་པ་/ སྡུམ་པ་/ བསྡུམ་པ་/ སྡུམས་/. Intransitive form is འདུམ་པ་ q.v. Cognate to མཐུན་པ་ and meaning "to create accord where there was discord". E.g., "to reconcile" two parties having a dispute by settling their argument and bringing them back into accord. Hence, "to make up", "to patch up (a quarrel)", "to reconcile", "to settle". E.g., [TC] ཕན་ཚུན་བར་དུ་རེས་དཀྲུགས་རེས་ས…
དབུ་མ་རང་རྒྱུད་
Transliteration: dbu ma rang rgyud
<noun> "The Svatāntra Madhyamaka". Translat. of the Sanskrit "svatāntra madhyamaka". The highest school of Buddhist philosophy in the sūtra Mahāyāna system is དབུ་མ་ the Madhyamaka. It has two main divisions; this is the lower of the two; the higher of the two is the དབུ་མ་ཐལ་འགྱུར་པ་ Prasaṅgika Madhyamaka q.v. Jeffrey Hopkins suggests the name "Middle Way Autonomy School".
Generally speakin…
མར་
Transliteration: mar
I. <noun> 1) "Butter", the food substance churned from milk. Butter is: i) One of the དཀར་གསུམ་ three white substances q.v.; ii) one of the སྤྱོད་པའི་ཡོ་བྱད་ལྔ་ five substances to be used in the secret mantra rituals; iii) one of བ་བྱུང་ལྔ་ the five substances exuded from a cow q.v. 2) Freq. seen in dharma texts, especially Kagyu ones, as an abbrev. of མར་པ་ q.v.
II. <preposition> One …
ཅན་
Transliteration: can
I. <adj> Indicating the meaning of the "presence of" someone. E.g., [TC] ཁོའི་ཅན་དུ་འགྲོ་བ། "went to his side / before him / to him". The meaning must be translated on context.
II. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> In grammar, this connector is described as having two similar meanings. 1) Showing possession. E.g., ལག་པ་ཅན་ means "having hands". In this usage it produces an adjectival phrase.…
རྩོད་པ་
Transliteration: rtsod pa
I. <verb> v.t. བརྩད་པ་/ རྩོད་པ་/ བརྩད་པ་/ རྩོད་/. 1) "To argue" against in the sense of debating or arguing a case logically or arguing a case in a court of law. Hence "to argue" or "to debate". E.g., [TC] བདེན་རྫུན་རྩོད་པ། "to debate what is true and false"; ཕམ་རྒྱལ་བརྩད་ཀྱང་ཐག་མ་ཆོད་པ། "they competed in argument (for victory / defeat) but it was indecisive". 2) "To argue" against in the s…
དམིགས་པ་མེད་པ་
Transliteration: dmigs pa med pa
<phrase> "Without reference (point)" or "without referencing" or "non-referential". Equivalent to དམིགས་པ་དང་བྲལ་བ་ "without reference / referencing". See དམིགས་པ་ for important notes on the translation.
This phrase has important meaning as can be seen from the explanation of དམིགས་པ་ q.v. When a mind is perceiving without the referential process i.e., when it is དམིགས་པ་མེད་པ་, it implies t…
རྣམ་མཁྱེན་གྱི་ཆོས་བཅུ་
Transliteration: rnam mkhyen gyi chos bcu
<phrase> "The ten topics of knowledge of everything". The third main subject of the ཤེར་ཕྱིན་དངོས་པོ་བརྒྱད་ eight main subjects of the prajñāpāramitā is called རྣམ་མཁྱེན་ knowledge of everything. It concerns the path of the Great Vehicle and is explained via ten topics: 1) ཐེག་ཆེན་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་ the great vehicle arousing of the mind; 2) གདམས་ངག་ instructions; 3) ངེས་འབྱེད་ཡན་ལག་ ascertainmen…
བར་དུ་
Transliteration: bar du
<phrase> The grammatical name བར་—with the basic sense of interval, something in between something else—with the ལ་དོན་ la equivalent phrase linker དུ་ attached, putting the བར་ into the second, fourth, or seventh cases. The meaning would have to be known on context.
1) A very common construction is: following a negative verbal statement meaning until the verb occurs e.g., དེ་མ་བྱེད་བར་དུ་ཁོ…
བརླག་པ་
Transliteration: brlag pa
I. <verb> v.i. བརླགས་པ་/ བརླག་པ་/ བརླག་པ་//. Intransitive form of རློག་པ་ q.v. 1) "To lose" in the sense of gone astray. E.g., [TC] ར་ལུག་བརླགས་རྗེས་ལྷས་རར་ཉམས་གསོ་བྱེད། "after the goats and sheep are lost, it is up to the gods to put them back in the fold". E.g., ངའི་དེབ་བརླག་པ་ཡིན། "I have lost my book". 2) "To lose" as the opp. of ཐོབ་པ་ "to win". E.g., ཁོ་བརླགས་སོང་། "he lost (the game,…
རྗེས་འཇུག་ཕོ་ཡིག་
Transliteration: rjes 'jug pho yig
<phrase> "Male suffix letter". Abbrev. of རྗེས་འཇུག་གི་ཕོ་ཡིག་གེ་. The རྟགས་འཇུག་ Application of Gender Signs defines four of the རྗེས་འཇུག་ suffix letters as ཕོ་ཡིག་ male letters: ག་, ད་, བ་, and ས་. The gender of the suffix has two effects: on the pronunciation; and on the function and meaning of the word it is in. Here are the complete details of the male suffixes effect on pronunciation…
ཕྱེ་མ་
Transliteration: phye ma
<noun> 1) "Powder", "filings", "dust". Any substance reduced to fine particles. E.g., ལྕགས་ཕྱེ་ "iron filings" or "iron dust"; གསེར་ཕྱེ་མར་བརྡར་བ། "gold filed into powder" or "gold filings" or "gold dust". 2) "Sand". Meaning the substance "sand" e.g., as found on the banks of a river or lake; གངྒཱའི་ཕྱེ་མ་ "sands of the Ganges". This is more properly spelled བྱེ་མ་ q.v. 3) "Flour". The flou…
སྐོམ་པ་
Transliteration: skom pa
I. <verb> v.i. སྐོམས་པ་/ སྐོམ་པ་/ སྐོམ་པ་//. "To be thirsty". E.g., [TC] ཁ་སྐོམ་པ། is the standard way of saying "to be thirsty"; སྐོམས་ན་བཏུང་བ་འཐུང་། ལྟོགས་ན་ལྟོ་ཆས་ཟ། "when you are thirsty, drink liquids; when you are hungry, eat food"; བཀྲེས་སྐོམ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། "the unsatisfactoriness of hunger and thirst". i) In the Buddhist sutras, it is sometimes used to lit. mean "to be thirsty for …
མི་ཡི་སེང་གེ་
Transliteration: mi yi seng ge
<phrase> "Lion(s) among men". Same as སྐྱེས་བུའི་སེང་གེ་ q.v. This is a commonly used phrase in the sutras as an epithet either of a buddha or of a buddha and his bodhisatva sons. It is an epithet specifically of Śhākyamuni Buddha and is equally an epithet of buddhas and their bodhisatva sons in general. The meaning is explained as follows by Ontrul Tenpa'i Wangchug.
དཔེར་ན་གདུང་ལྔའི་དབང་པོ་…