THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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དེ་ཉིད་
Transliteration: de nyid
I. <pronoun> A word construction that allows for the identification of something for what it is; e.g., མི་དེ་ཉིད། "(not something or someone else but) that particular person".
II. <noun> 1) "Principle". In Abhidharma: the Sāṃkhya philosophical tradition of India enumerates twenty-five (true) "principles" which are translated as "དེ་ཉིད་" in Tibetan. See a description of their tradition…
འགྲོགས་པ་
Transliteration: 'grogs pa
<verb> v.t. འགྲོགས་པ་/ འགྲོགས་པ་/ འགྲོགས་པ་/ འགྲོགས་/. Meaning "to accompany", "to keep company with", "to associate with". It is often used to refer to varying degrees of relationship between two or more people in which they go together. E.g., for people "to accompany each other" during some activity or journey; for friends "to spend time together" or "to keep company with each other". E.g…
དབང་པོ་དྲུག་
Transliteration: dbang po drug
<noun> "The six sense-powers", "the six faculties". Sanskrit "ṣhadendriya". The six sense-powers are the subtle, six sensors of the six senses. Their function allows consciousness of the ཡུལ་དྲུག་ objects of the six senses to arise by acting as an intermediary between the objects of the senses and the consciousnesses themselves. In other words, the perceptual process of a sentient being is …
མཛད་པ་
Transliteration: mdzad pa
I. <verb> v.t. མཛད་པ་/ མཛད་པ་/ མཛད་པ་/ མཛོད་/. The [Hon] form of བྱེད་པ་ meaning "to do", "to make", etc. 1) Since it is the [Hon] form, English words such as "to enact", "to perform" are appropriate. It is often used with an auxiliary verb, in which case its presence changes the auxiliary to the [Hon] form, and it is then important to choose a word that reflects the [Hon]. E.g., [TC] མཛད་ས…
སོ་
Transliteration: so
I. <noun> 1) "Tooth". E.g., འགྲམ་སོ་ the tooth of a human jaw. 2) The teeth are one of the eight སྐྱེ་གནས་ "production places", the places in the head and throat used in the pronunciation of Tibetan letters. The letters produced at the teeth are: ཏ་, ཐ་, ད་, ན་, ཟ་, ལ་, and ས་. 3) "Edge" The edge on bladed things, e.g., གྲི་སོ་ the edge of a knife is the sharp edge on the blade of a knife, …
རྐྱེན་བཞི་
Transliteration: rkyen bzhi
<enum> "The four conditions".
I. In Buddhism, according to the མངོན་ཆོས་ Abhidharma, all compounded phenomena are produced through རྒྱུ་ principal causes and རྐྱེན་ co-operative causes i.e., conditions. Usually རྒྱུ་དྲུག་ six principal causes and four (occasionally six) conditions for them are explained; they create the འབྲས་བུ་ལྔ་ five results q.v. As [SKD] says: འདུས་བྱས་ཆོས་རྣམས་སྐྱེད་བྱེ…
ངེས་པ་
Transliteration: nges pa
I. <verb> v.i. ངེས་པ་/ ངེས་པ་/ ངེས་པ་//. 1) "To be certain", "to be ascertained" meaning "to be determined and decided on". E.g., [TC] མི་གྲངས་ངེས་པ། "the population was ascertained / determined"; འབོར་ཚད་ངེས་པ། "the amount was ascertained / determined"; འགྲོ་རྒྱུར་ངེས་པ། "had decided to go"; བྱ་རྒྱུར་ངེས་པ། "knew (had ascertained) what was to be done"; རིགས་གཉིས་སུ་ངེས་པ། "ascertained it a…
རྒོད་པ་
Transliteration: rgod pa
I. <verb> Altern. way of writing the pres. of v.t. དགོད་པ་ q.v.
II. <noun> Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "auddhatyam". 1) "Agitation" one of the ཉེ་བའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ཉི་ཤུ་ twenty subsidiary afflictions. This is an awareness which goes out to objects of attachment / aversion and thus prevents the mind from ཞི་གནས་ abiding calmly inside. Also translated as "restlessness" and "excitemen…
འབེབས་པ་
Transliteration: 'bebs pa
I. <verb> v.t. ཕབ་པ་/ འབེབས་པ་/ དབབ་པ་/ ཕོབ་/. Intransitive form is འབབ་པ་ q.v. 1) "To bring down", "to cause to go lower / come down / descend". It also has the meaning "to send down", "to cast down", "to throw down", "to crash down" (in the sense of thunder being sent). E.g., [TC] ལས་འགན་ཕབ་པ། "handed down responsibility"; གོ་གནས་ཕབ་པ། "to demote / to reduce in rank or status"; ཁལ་ཕོབ་ཅིག…
རྒྱས་པར་བཤད་པ་
Transliteration: rgyas par bshad pa
I. <verb> v.t. past tense of རྒྱས་པར་འཆད་པ་. "To have made / given an extensive explanation" / detailed discussion" , "to have explained extensively", "to have explained in detail", "to have discussed in detail".
II. <gerundial>phrase> per the verb "extensive explanation", "detailed explanation", "detailed discussion". The true noun form is རྒྱས་བཤད་ q.v.
1) In general, an explanatio…
འདྲིད་པ་
Transliteration: 'drid pa
<verb> v.t. བྲིད་པ་/ འདྲིད་པ་/ བྲིད་པ་/ བྲིད་/. Acc. [ULS] and [LGK] this term was revised during the སྐད་གསར་བཅད་ language revisions and meant, when written in new signs, སླུ་བ་ with meaning as follows. It means "to use some method, a ruse, to fool another and draw them in", e.g., like using bait to catch a fish, like coating a pill in sugar to make it edible, like a confidence man's ploys…
སྔོན་འཇུག་ལྔ་
Transliteration: sngon 'jug lnga
<noun> "The five prefixes". Grammar term. Tibetan words are constructed of letters, which are of two types: vowels and consonants. Tibetan words by definition have consonant letters in one of three places: a main position called the མིང་གཞི་ name-base; a prefix position to that name-base; and a རྗེས་འཇུག་ suffix position to the name-base. Of the thirty consonants all can be used in the name…
འབྲུབ་པ་
Transliteration: 'brub pa
I. <verb> v.t. བྲུབས་པ་/ འབྲུབ་པ་/ བྲུབ་པ་/ བྲུབས་//. 1) This has the meaning of deliberately incarcerating some being (not only humans) usually with the sense of putting them down in something or down somewhere. It is used for many different types of incarceration, e.g., it is used for putting someone in a pit or hole. In Tibet, some very mean forms of punishment included burying someone a…
སྣོམ་པ་
Transliteration: snom pa
<verb> v.t. བསྣམས་པ་/ སྣོམ་པ་/ བསྣམ་པ་/ སྣོམས་/. 1) Acc. [ULS] and [LGK] this term was revised during the སྐད་གསར་བཅད་ language revisions and meant, when written in new signs, ཐོགས་པ་ "to hold" with meaning as follows. It is [Hon] for འཁྱེར་བ་ and ཐོགས་པ་ i.e., "to hold" in the sense of having something that you carry with you. E.g., the deity Tārā "holds" a lotus. E.g., [TC] ཕྱག་ན་རོལ་ཆ་བས…
ཨ་འཐས་
Transliteration: aa 'thas
<noun> "Deep solidification", "utter concretization". The term in Tibetan is very pejorative and carries the full meaning of "the utter concretization of experience which has come about due to the deep stupidity of མ་རིག་པ་ ignorance which turns empty actuality into an utterly solid existence". E.g., [DDT] །དེ་ཡང་ཤེས་བྱ་ནི་ཤེས་བྱེད་ཀྱི་བློ་ཁོ་ནས་བཏགས་པ་ལས། ཨ་འཐས་པའི་དབང་གིས་བདེན་པར་སྣང་བ་ཙམ…
སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ཉི་ཤུ་
Transliteration: stong pa nyid nyi shu
<phrase> "Twenty emptinesses". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "viṃśhati śhūnyatā". Acc. [NDS] they are:
1) ནང་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ "emptiness of the inner" [Skt. adhyātmaśhūnyatā]
2) ཕྱི་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ "emptiness of the outer" [Skt. vahirdhyāśhūnyatā]
3) ཕྱི་ནང་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ "emptiness of inner and outer" [Skt. adhyātmavahirdhyāśhūnyatā]
4) སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ "emptiness of emptiness" [Skt. śhūnyatāśhū…
རིགས་
Transliteration: rigs
I. <noun> Translation of the Sanskrit "gotra". 1) "Line" or "lineage" in the sense of family line. Hence also "line", "blood-line", "caste," "family", "family-line". This meaning is the common usage in the sūtras and tantras where it indicates the essence that all sentient beings have in their minds that makes it possible for them to become buddha. I.e., they have the "line" necessary to be…
ཐུ་མི་སཾབྷོཊ་
Transliteration: thu mi saMbhoTa
<noun> "Thumi Saṃbhoṭa". The name of the Tibetan man who invented the Tibetan grammar and writing system that has been in use since the 7th century A.D. Thumi was born to a man called སློབ་དཔོན་ཨ་ནུ་སྣང་གྲགས་ Āchārya Anu Nangdrag whose family line was called ཐུ་ "Thu". Father and son both were thus called "Thu mi" meaning "men of the Thu clan". Like his father he was also named ཨ་ནུ་ Anu an…
ནམ་མཁའ་
Transliteration: nam mkha'
<noun> Translation of the Sanskrit "ākāśha". In Sanskrit and Tibetan following it, this word has two separate meanings as given below. The two distinct meanings below are well known in the Tibetan tradition and made exactly as given below. Unfortunately, many translators do not seem to be aware that this precise differentiation does exist. For example, [EHS] translates སེམས་ཅན་ནམ་མཁའ་དང་མཉམ…
ལམ་
Transliteration: lam
I. <noun> 1) A place for travelling both material and abstract, i.e., "path", "way", "road", "street", etc. This includes the meaning of "path" common in Buddhist usage, translating the Sanskrit "mārga". 2) Method or way of doing something, like ལུགས་. I.e., an "-ology". E.g., རིགས་ལམ་ lit. "path of reasoning" meaning "logic". 3) System or established way e.g., རྙིང་ལམ་ "old way" or "early …
མདོར་བསྟན་
Transliteration: mdor bstan
<phrase> "Synopsis" or "Brief presentation". One of a range of terms used to indicate a certain level or type of presentation of a topic; see also རྒྱས་པར་བཤད་པ་ "synopsis" and དོན་བསྡུ་བ་ "summary". The མདོར་བསྟན་ is the synopsis given at the beginning of the presentation of a subject; it shows the very essence of the material to be presented. The term is often used as a heading and in tha…
སྒྲིམ་པ་
Transliteration: sgrim pa
<verb> v.t. བསྒྲིམས་པ་/ སྒྲིམ་པ་/ བསྒྲིམ་པ་/ སྒྲིམས་/. Intransitive form is གྲིམ་པ་ q.v. Having the basic meaning of bringing many strands / scattered pieces together into one place. Although this is commonly translated as "to tighten" it means to concentrate a scattered situation into a tighter, more ordered one. 1) "To collect / concentrate / focus". E.g., [TC] བློ་རྩེ་གཅིག་ཏུ་བསྒྲིམས་ཏེ་…
འཐོབ་པ་
Transliteration: 'thob pa
I. <verb> v.i. ཐོབ་པ་/ འཐོབ་པ་/ འཐོབ་པ་/.
1) "To get" a position or a certain status or something of value; to get something which would not normally be obtained but which requires some effort or fortune for its attainment. Therefore, although the verb "to obtain" could and has been used as a translation, it is usually more appropriate to use the verb "to attain". Hence, "to attain", "to acq…
འཐག་པ་
Transliteration: 'thag pa
I. <verb> v.t. བཏགས་པ་/ འཐག་པ་/ བཏག་པ་/ འཐོག་/. 1) "To pulverize", "to annihilate" meaning to overcome and annihilate an opponent, to grind them to dust. E.g., [TC] དགྲ་དཔུང་ཕྱེ་མར་བཏགས་པ། "the enemy was pulverized"; བགེགས་བར་ཚང་མ་རྨེག་མེད་དུ་བཏགས་པ། "obstructors and obstacles were totalled uprooted and annihilated". 2) Meaning "to make into powder" hence "to powder", "to grind" in general.…