THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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ཉ་
Transliteration: nya
I. <consonant letter> The eighth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = རྐན་སྣ་དང་བཅས་པ་ the palate together with the nose; བྱེད་པ་ producer = ལྕེ་དབུས་ the upper, central part of the tongue; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = joining the tongue to the palate; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ ou…
ཡ་
Transliteration: ya
I. <consonant letter> The twenty-fourth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the palate; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the forward, top side of the tongue; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = the tongue almost touching the palate; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and sounded. 2)…
འཕུལ་བ་
Transliteration: 'phul ba
I. <verb> v.t. འཕུལ་བ་/ འཕུལ་བ་/ འཕུལ་བ་/ འཕུལ་/. Meaning "to push into something and so cause it to move". 1) There are several English terms that cover the range of connotations: "to nudge", "to shove", "to jostle", "to bump (and jar)", "to shove into". E.g., [TC] དཔུང་པས་འཕུལ་བ། "pushed / shoved with his shoulder(s)"; མི་ངན་འཕུལ་བ། "shoved away / pushed off the bad man". 2) The term also…
མིང་དོན་
Transliteration: ming don
I. <phrase> "Name and meaning". This is a grammatical term which is an abbrev. of མིང་གི་ཐ་སྙད་དང་མིང་གི་དོན་. The མིང་ "name" is the specific ཐ་སྙད་ convention used to name something and the དོན་ meaning is the particular thing known by the mind (a "fact" for the mind) that it refers to. More precisely, the name is གདགས་གཞི་གང་ལ་འདོགས་བྱེད་ཀྱི་མིང་ the name that is applied to some basis of…
ཡང་འཇུག་
Transliteration: yang 'jug
<noun> "Re-suffix" or "post-suffix". Grammar term. According to the rules of Tibetan word construction, མིང་གཞི་ the central letter around which a word is built can have single consonants added to it as prefixes, suffixes, and post-suffixes during the construction of a word. The རྗེས་འཇུག་ are a group of ten consonants selected from the total set of thirty consonants that can be used as suf…
ཤ་
Transliteration: sha
I. <consonant letter> The twenty-seventh of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the palate; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the top, centre of the tongue; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = opened larynx; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = warm aspirated and un-sounded. 2) When used as a མིང་གཞི…
རྗེས་འཇུག་བཅུ་
Transliteration: rjes 'jug bcu
<phrase> "The ten suffixes". Grammar term. Tibetan words are constructed of letters, which are of two types: vowels and consonants. Tibetan words by definition have consonant letters in one of three places: a main position called the མིང་གཞི་ name-base; a སྔོན་འཇུག་ prefix position to that name-base; and a suffix position to the name-base. Of the thirty consonants all can be used in the nam…
རྩེག་པ་
Transliteration: rtseg pa
I. <verb> v.t. བརྩེགས་པ་/ རྩེག་པ་/ བརྩེག་པ་/ རྩེགས་/. 1) "To stack", "to pile" on / up. Meaning "to lay one thing on or over another with the result that one is now stacked on the other". This can have the specific meaning of one thing being placed on top of another in a vertical line, as is seen for example in the line of gurus in a refuge tree or of money being piled up, or it can have th…
DICTIONARY ORDER
There are two or three, similar schemes for alphabetizing Tibetan words. This dictionary has its entries ordered according to the most common Tibetan alphabetization scheme, which is used in the བོད་རྒྱ་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་ The Great Tibetan-Chinese Dictionary. That alphabetization scheme has six levels of ordering the Tibetan words. In order from most to least significant they are as follows.
1) Head…

ཨ་
Transliteration: aa
I. <consonant letter> The thirtieth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language with pronunciation similar to "ah". 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the throat; བྱེད་པ་ producer = a connection from the tip of the tongue to the throat; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = opening the throat; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort…
གཞི་མ་
Transliteration: gzhi ma
<noun> The basis, base, root, sub-stratum upon which something else exists, appears, sits, etc. More usually seen in shortened form གཞི་ q.v. for definition.
པ་
Transliteration: pa
I. <consonant letter> The thirteenth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the lips; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the lips; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = joining the two lips together; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and un-sounded. 2) When used as a མིང་གཞི་ name-base, t…
བ་
Transliteration: ba
I. <consonant letter> The fifteenth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the lips; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the lips; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = joining the two lips; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and sounded. 2) When used as a མིང་གཞི་ name-base, the consonant …
མ་
Transliteration: ma
I. <consonant letter> The sixteenth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the lips; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the lips; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = joining the two lips together; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and sounded. 2) When used as a མིང་གཞི་ name-base, the c…
མིང་
Transliteration: ming
<noun> Lit. "name". The has two, specific usages in the language.
I. 1) "Name" or "label". Equivalent of the Sanskrit "nāma". It is used in exactly the same way as the English word "name" to mean the name of something, the "label" used to speak of a person or thing as in "his name/ her name/ its name/ the name of the substance/ a name that can be applied" etc. Names are defined in Tibetan as…
གཞི་
Transliteration: gzhi
<noun> Lit. "base" or "basis". This term has several connotations. Additionally, it is often used by compounding it with another noun to give a new word of new meaning.
[TC] lists four meanings for གཞི་. These are given here together with examples to illustrate the shades of meaning. 1)"Base" in the sense of location, a ground or place. For example, ས་གཞི་ as used in the sense of the fundame…
འདོགས་པ་
Transliteration: 'dogs pa
I. <verb> v.t. བཏགས་པ་/ འདོགས་པ་/ གདགས་པ་/ ཐོགས་/. The general meaning is "to fasten something onto something else". 1) "To stick onto / to apply to / to affix" and also "to assign / give to / put to". E.g., [TC] ལུས་ལ་གོ་མཚོན་འདོགས་པ། "fixed the weaponry (and armour, etc.) to the body)"; ཐུགས་ལ་འདོགས་པ། "to fix in the mind"; རྒྱུ་མཚན་ལ་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ཅན་བཏགས་པ། "to assign / give / put a reason t…
ཀ་
Transliteration: ka
I. <consonant letter> The first of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the throat; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the throat; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = inner connection of the throat; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and un-sounded. 2) i) When used as a མིང་གཞི་ name-base…
ལ་
Transliteration: la
I. <consonant letter> The twenty-sixth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = teeth; བྱེད་པ་ producer = tip of the tongue; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = the tip of the tongue slightly touched to the teeth; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and sounded. 2) When used…
མཚན་གཞི་
Transliteration: mtshan gzhi
<noun> 1) "The basis of characterization"; philosophical terminology meaning that thing which is the basis for the stating that it has a particular characteristic. 2) In a less philosophical way, "that which is characterized by".

For example: མཚན་གཞི་ལ་མི་མཐུན་པ་ཅུང་ཟད་མེད་དོ། in a highly philosophical way could be "There is not the slightest disparity in the basis of their characterizations…
ར་
Transliteration: ra
I. <consonant letter> The twenty-fifth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the upper part of the tongue; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the upper part of the tongue and surrounding areas; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = the tip of the tongue slightly connecting with the area above the t…
ཁ་
Transliteration: kha
I. <consonant letter> The second of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the throat; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the throat; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = opened larynx; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = aspirated and un-sounded. 2) i) When used as a མིང་གཞི་ name-base, the consonant is…
གཞི་མཐུན་
Transliteration: gzhi mthun
<noun> "Common locus", meaning that place in which two or more things have commonality.
མིང་གཉིས་
Transliteration: ming gnyis
<phrase> "The two (types of) name". Grammar term. In Tibetan grammar, grammatical names (which then includes the parts of speech both of nouns and verbs that are derived from them) are categorized into two types: 1) འདོད་རྒྱལ་གྱི་མིང་ "a name produced / given based on one's wishes"; and 2) རྗེས་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་མིང་ "a name produced / given in accordance (with reason or etymology)" q.v. The first t…