THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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ཟེའུ་འབྲུ་
Transliteration: ze'u 'bru
<noun> This term is used as an equivalent of གེ་སར་ in which is the central portion of a flower in general is being referenced, correctly termed "pollen bed" in English. Unlike གེ་སར་ it is also used—usually poetically—where it refers to the filaments that grow out of the pollen bed in general. Western botanical science identifies several such filaments and their parts, e.g., stamen, pistil…

ལོན་པ་
Transliteration: lon pa
<verb> v.i. ལོན་པ་/ ལོན་པ་/ ལོན་པ་//. 1) Meaning for something to happen to or come to pass for, i.e., for some particular circumstance or situation "to be arrived at", "to be reached", "to materialize". In the case of a being's age, for a certain number of years "to be reached". E.g., སེམས་ལ་ཀུན་སློངས་དཀར་པོ་ལོན་པ། "arrived at a good motivation in mind". E.g., [TC] བསམ་དོན་ལག་ཏུ་ལོན་པ། lit…

རྟབ་པ་
Transliteration: rtab pa
I. <verb> v.i. བརྟབས་པ་/ རྟབ་པ་/ བརྟབ་པ་//. "To be frantically afraid / desperate". E.g., [TC] མདུན་དུ་སྤྱང་ཀི་དང་། རྒྱབ་ཏུ་སྟག་མོ་ཡོད་པར་བརྟབས་པས་གོམ་པ་གཅིག་ཀྱང་ཡར་སྤོ་ཕྱིར་འཐེན་བྱེད་མི་ནུས་པ། "with the wolf in front and the tiger behind he was desperately afraid and couldn't move a step". This verb means having fear like དངངས་སྐྲག་ but even more severe. One dictionary gives it as being "s…

དབང་པོ་རྣོན་པོ་
Transliteration: dbang po rnon po
<phrase> Lit. "sharp faculties". Opp. of དབང་པོ་རྟུལ་པོ་ "dull faculties" and meaning someone with high ability either 1) to understand something intellectually or 2) to realize something non-intellectually. The meaning must be known from context and translated appropriately.
"Sharp faculties" or "keen faculties" is literal and covers both meanings. The first meaning could also be accurately…

བརྒྱུད་པ་
Transliteration: brgyud pa
I. <verb> v.t. བརྒྱུད་པ་/ བརྒྱུད་པ་/ བརྒྱུད་པ་//. The exact meaning is "to send on in link from one to another in an unbroken chain". This has been translated with a variety of verbs indicating connection but these are often mistaken because of losing the specific connotation in this verb of "one to one process of connection between source and target". There are many other verbs in Tibetan …

འགྲོགས་པ་
Transliteration: 'grogs pa
<verb> v.t. འགྲོགས་པ་/ འགྲོགས་པ་/ འགྲོགས་པ་/ འགྲོགས་/. Meaning "to accompany", "to keep company with", "to associate with". It is often used to refer to varying degrees of relationship between two or more people in which they go together. E.g., for people "to accompany each other" during some activity or journey; for friends "to spend time together" or "to keep company with each other". E.g…

སྣུར་བ་
Transliteration: snur ba
<verb> v.t. བསྣུར་བ་/ སྣུར་བ་/ བསྣུར་བ་/ སྣུར་/. 1) Meaning "to shift, put, or move out of one place to another" which includes the idea of "pushing / pulling / dragging or otherwise removing to another place". E.g., [TC] བཞུགས་གྲལ་མདུན་དུ་བསྣུར་བ། "the seating row (usually a long bolt of cloth or cushion which is set out for people to sit on shoulder to shoulder) was moved up front"; ཡི་གེ…

སྡིག་པ་བཤགས་པའི་སྟོབས་བཞི་
Transliteration: sdig pa bshags pa'i stobs bzhi
<enum> "The four forces of (involved in) laying aside degradation". These are also known as གཉེན་པོའི་སྟོབས་བཞི་ "four forces of the antidote". [DGT] gives as: 1) རྟེན་གྱི་སྟོབས་ "the force of the support"; 2) སུན་འབྱིན་པའི་སྟོབས་ "the force of rejection"; 3) ཉེས་པ་ལས་སླར་ལྡོག་པའི་སྟོབས་ "the force of turning away from repeating the fault"; 4) གཉེན་པོ་ཀུན་ཏུ་སྤྱོད་པའི་སྟོབས་ "the force of t…

གཡེལ་བ་
Transliteration: g-yel ba
I. <verb> v.i. གཡེལ་བ་/ གཡེལ་བ་/ གཡེལ་བ་//. 1) "To wander off from", "to stray", "to slip away". It is similar to གཡེང་བ་ but where that means to become distracted to and occupied with objects that interest the mind, this refers to mind simply being inattentive, slipping away, forgetting what it should be engaged with. E.g., [TC] སེམས་པ་གཞན་དུ་མ་གཡེལ་ཞིག "don't let the mind slip away to som…

སྐྱེས་བུ་ཆེན་པོའི་མཚན་བཟང་པོ་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་གཉིས་
Transliteration: skyes bu chen po'i mtshan bzang po sum cu so gnyis
"The thirty-two excellent marks of a great being". This refers to the thirty-two མཚན་བཟང་པོ་ excellent marks of a མཆོག་གི་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ supreme nirmāṇakāya buddha. These marks are major compared to the སྐྱེས་བུ་ཆེན་པོའི་དཔེ་བྱད་བཟང་པོ་བརྒྱད་ཅུ་ eighty illustrative marks of a great being. Thus the term is often translated as "the thirty-major marks" in contrast to the "eighty minor marks". Nonetheles…

ཕ་
Transliteration: pha
I. <consonant letter> The fourteenth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the lips; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the lips; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = opened larynx; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = aspirated and un-sounded. 2) When used as a མིང་གཞི་ name-base, the consonant is de…

སྦྱོར་ལམ་དྲོད་ཕྱིར་མི་ལྡོག་བའི་རྟགས་བཅུ་གཅིག་
Transliteration: sbyor lam drod phyir mi ldog ba'i rtags bcu gcig
<enum> "The eleven signs of (attaining the position of) non-reversal from the path connection's (level of) warmth". [JKE] gives as: 1) གཞན་དོན་དུ་གཟུགས་སོགས་ལ་བདེན་ཞེན་ལྡོག་པ་ ""; 3) སྐྱབས་གསུམ་ལ་ཐེ་ཚོམ་ཟད་པ་ ""; 3) མི་ཁོམ་པ་བརྒྱད་ཟད་པ་ ""; 4) རང་གཞག་གཉིས་ཀ་དགེ་བའི་ཆོས་ལ་སྦྱོར་བ་ ""; 5) བདག་གཞན་བརྗེ་བའི་བསམ་པས་སྦྱིན་པ་ ""; 6) ཟབ་མོའི་དོན་ལ་སོམ་ཉི་མི་བྱེད་པ་ ""; 7) སྒོ་གསུམ་གྱི་སྤྱོད་པ་བྱམས་…

དར་བ་
Transliteration: dar ba
I. <verb> v.i. དར་བ་/ དར་བ་/ དར་བ་//. Meaning for something to develop and become widespread, hence "to flourish", "to spread", "to be propagated". It is often used for traditions, systems of thought or culture, and especially is used in regard to the Buddha's teaching in Tibet which had an initial (early) and subsequent (later) period of propagation. It is the opp. of རྒུད་པ་ q.v. E.g., ཆོ…

ཚད་མ་གསུམ་
Transliteration: tshad ma gsum
<noun> "The three valid cognizers". The three main kinds of ཚད་མ་ valid cognizer (Skt. pramāṇa) q.v.
I. The usual set is: 1) མངོན་སུམ་ཚད་མ་ direct perception valid cognizer or མངོན་སུམ་ "direct perception"; 2) རྗེས་སུ་དཔག་པའི་ཚད་མ་ inference valid cognizer or རྗེས་སུ་དཔག་པ་ inference; and 3) ལུང་གི་ཚད་མ་ scripture or statement valid cognizer or ཡིད་ཆེས་པའི་ལུང་ "trustworthy scripture or stat…

བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་བརྒྱད་
Transliteration: byang chub sems dpa' brgyad
<phrase> "The Eight Bodhisatvas". Translation of the Sanskrit "aṣhta bodhisatva". These are the eight great bodhisatvas who were the eight heart sons of Buddha Śhākyamuni.
Acc. [NDS] they are: 1) བྱམས་པ་ [Skt. Maitreya]; 2) ནམ་མཁའ་མཛོད་ [Skt. Gaganagañja]; 3) ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ་ [Skt. Samantabhadra]; 4) ཕྱག་ན་རྡོ་རྗེ་ [Skt. Vajrapāṇi]; 5) འཇམ་དཔལ་དབྱངས་ [Skt. Mañjuśhrīghoṣha]; 6) སྒྲིབ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ར…

ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ་
Transliteration: theg pa chen po
<noun> "The Great Vehicle". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "Mahāyāna". The entire Buddhist path is said to contain a number of "vehicles" which are the teachings that have the ability to carry a sentient being to a certain goal. According to Tibetan Buddhism as derived from Indian Buddhism, the entire journey is contained in three vehicles. The ཐེག་པ་དམན་པ་ Lesser Vehicle was spoken firs…

སྒྲིམ་པ་
Transliteration: sgrim pa
<verb> v.t. བསྒྲིམས་པ་/ སྒྲིམ་པ་/ བསྒྲིམ་པ་/ སྒྲིམས་/. Intransitive form is གྲིམ་པ་ q.v. Having the basic meaning of bringing many strands / scattered pieces together into one place. Although this is commonly translated as "to tighten" it means to concentrate a scattered situation into a tighter, more ordered one. 1) "To collect / concentrate / focus". E.g., [TC] བློ་རྩེ་གཅིག་ཏུ་བསྒྲིམས་ཏེ་…

བསམ་གཏན་རྣམ་པ་གསུམ་
Transliteration: bsam gtan rnam pa gsum
<phrase> "The three types of dhyāna". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "dhyānaṃ trividhā". Meditative absorption in the བསམ་གཏན་གྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་ pāramitā of meditative absorption is explained as being of three types. [NDS] gives as: 1) སྐྱོན་བཅས་ཐག་བསྲིང་པའི་བསམ་གཏན་ "dhyāna which is extended for long periods with faults"; 2) བདེ་བར་གནས་པའི་བསམ་གཏན་ "dhyāna which is abiding in ease / b…

རབ་བྱུང་
Transliteration: rab byung
<noun> 1) "Rabjung". i) The name of a cycle of 60 years which is a complete cycle according to astrology. ii) [Mngon] Also an epithet of the 1st year in a 60 year cycle, the མེ་མོ་ཡོས་ལོ་ "Female Fire Hare year". This is also the very first year in which the sixty year "rabjung" system of time was used in Tibet. It it known to correspond exactly to the Gregorian year 1027 A.D. This Tibetan …

བཟོད་པ་
Transliteration: bzod pa
I. <verb> v.i. བཟོད་པ་/ བཟོད་པ་/ བཟོད་པ་//. The basic meaning is "to withstand some difficulty or attack". The term is often translated as "to be patient" but in more cases than not is better translated with other terms that indicate forebearance. 1) "To bear personal pain or suffering" hence, "to bear", "to tolerate", and "to endure". E.g., [TC] ཟུག་རྔུ་ཇི་ཙམ་ཆེའང་བཟོད་ཐུབ་པ། "able to bear…

བསྙེན་གནས་ཀྱི་སྡོམ་པའི་སྤང་བྱ་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་
Transliteration: bsnyen gnas kyi sdom pa'i spang bya yan lag brgyad
<enum> "The eight things to be abandoned in context of the vows of fasting". [DGT] gives as: 1) སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་ "taking life"; 2) མ་བྱིན་པར་ལེན་པ་ "taking what is not offered"; 3) འདོད་པས་ལོག་པར་གཡེམ་པ་ "sexual misconduct due to desire"; 4) རྫུན་དུ་སྨྲ་བ་ "lying"; 5) ཆང་འཐུང་བ་ "drinking liquor"; 6) དུས་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ཁ་ཟས་ཟ་བ་ "eating food when at the wrong time"; 7) འཕྲེང་སོགས་གར་སོགས་གཅིག་ཏུ་བྱས…

འབོག་པ་
Transliteration: 'bog pa
I. <verb> v.t. འབོགས་པ་/ འབོག་པ་/ འབོག་པ་/ འབོགས་/. Acc. [LGK] this term was revised during the སྐད་གསར་བཅད་ language revisions and meant, when written in new signs, རྒལ་བ་ "to exceed", "to cross". E.g., [TC] གཙང་ཆུ་འབོགས་ནས་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་སླེབས་པ། "the Tsangchu River crossed its banks".
II. <verb> v.t. ཕོག་པ་/ འབོག་པ་/ དབོག་པ་/ ཕོག་/. Intransitive form is ཕོག་པ་ q.v. and an altern. form is …

སེམས་པ་
Transliteration: sems pa
I. <verb> v.t. བསམས་པ་/ སེམས་པ་/ བསམ་པ་/ སོམས་/. "To mind"; to use the སེམས་ mind to consider, think about, or just to do the things that mind does. "To think about", "to give thought to". E.g., [TC] ཇི་ལྟར་བསམས་པ་ལྟར་ཁ་ནས་ཤོད། "speaking in accordance with how he thought about it"; གང་བརྩམས་ལམ་དུ་འགྲོ་བ་ཞིག་བྱུང་ན་སེམས། "giving thought to it when there is the question of which road to embar…

མཁར་
Transliteration: mkhar
I. <noun> 1) "Massive building", "lofty building". A general name for any major kind of building. It does not specifically mean a castle, citadel, fort, fortress, stronghold, etc., but a massive building in general. It especially does not imply a fancy building such as a mansion, palace, etc., but on context, it could refer to any of these things. In cases, where the height of the building …

ང་
Transliteration: nga
I. <consonant letter> Grammatically speaking, the fourth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the throat and nose; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the throat; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = inner connection of the throat; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and sounded. 2) When …