THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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འཕུང་བ་
Transliteration: 'phung ba
I. <verb> v.i. ཕུང་བ་/ འཕུང་བ་/ འཕུང་བ་//. Transitive form is སྤུང་བ་ q.v. 1) Meaning for circumstances to decline and become less happy or good than they were before. Hence "to be in declining circumstances", "to be degraded", "to be ruined", "to be dragged down". E.g., [MGR] ལུས་ངག་ཡིད་གསུམ་གྱི་མི་དགེ་བ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་རང་དང་གཞན་ཡང་ཕུང་གི་རེད། འདི་ཚོས་དགེ་བ་མི་དགེ་བ་བཟོ། ལྷོད་པོ་མི་ལྷོད་པོ་བཟོ…
གསུང་རབ་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག་དགུ་
Transliteration: gsung rab kyi yan lag dgu
<phrase> "The nine branches of the excellent discourses". Abbrev. of གསུང་རབ་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག་དགུ་ q.v. Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "navāṅgapravacana". The Buddha's excellent speech as recorded in the sūtras is usually divided into གསུང་རབ་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག་བཅུ་གཉིས་ "the twelve branches of the excellent discourses". However, these are sometimes grouped into nine. [DGT] says that the four parts: 1) …
ང་
Transliteration: nga
I. <consonant letter> Grammatically speaking, the fourth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the throat and nose; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the throat; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = inner connection of the throat; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and sounded. 2) When …
རོ་གཅིག་
Transliteration: ro gcig
<phrase> "One taste". Translation of the Sanskrit "ekarasa". 1) Literally meaning having the "same taste" to the tongue. 2) Meaning that two things have become mixed inseparably. This meaning in English has traditionally been verbalized with "same flavour" but "one taste" seems to have superceded that in Buddhist translations these days. E.g., in རོ་གཅིག་རྣལ་འབྱོར་ "the yoga of one taste" w…
དོགས་པ་
Transliteration: dogs pa
I. <verb> v.i. དོགས་པ་/ དོགས་པ་/ དོགས་པ་//. To be doubtful about something in the specific senses of being "suspicious" or "concerned". Hence "to be suspicious", "to be apprehensive", "to be concerned about", "to have a misgiving about". E.g., [TC] རྟག་ཏུ་འཁྱག་ལྟོགས་ཀྱིས་དོགས་ནས་འཚོ་ཐབས་སྐྱེལ་བའི་དུས་སྐབས་དེ་རྩ་བ་ནས་ཡོལ་སོང་། "due to perpetual concerns of cold and hunger, the time he had fo…
འགྲེམས་པ་
Transliteration: 'grems pa
<verb> v.t. བཀྲམ་པ་/ འགྲེམས་པ་/ དགྲམ་པ་/ ཁྲོམས་/. Intransitive form is གྲམ་པ་ q.v. [Old] Acc. [LGK] this term was revised during the སྐད་གསར་བཅད་ language revisions and meant, when written in new signs, འགྱེད་པ་ q.v. with meaning as follows. 1) The basic meaning is "to spread out all over / evenly across" and "to lay out evenly", "to strew with". E.g., [TC] བྱེ་མ་དགྲམ་པ། "will spread the sa…
ཇ་
Transliteration: ja
I. <consonant letter> The seventh of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the palate; བྱེད་པ་ producer = ལྕེ་དབུས་ the centre of the forward part of the tongue; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = joining the tongue to the palate; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and sou…
འདུད་པ་
Transliteration: 'dud pa
I. <verb> v.t. བཏུད་པ་/ འདུད་པ་/ གདུད་པ་/ ཐུད་/. Intransitive form is དུད་པ་ q.v. Translation of the Sanskrit "sāmīci". See also རབ་ཏུ་འདུད་པ་ for degrees of the doing of the verb.
"To bend over / bow down" before or in the presence of someone or something. Note its relation to the intransitive form དུད་པ་ which means to be bending over or bowed. This term has the specific sense of bowing in…
གུར་གུམ་
Transliteration: gur gum
<noun> Corrupted form of the Sanskrit ཀུངྐུ་མ་ "kungkuma" name for the flower "saffron" which was further corrupted in usage to ཀུར་ཀུམ་, གུར་ཀུམ་, and the like in Tibet. 1) There are many types of saffron e.g., see གུར་གུམ་གསུམ་ "the three saffrons" though the saffron from Kashmir, called ཁ་ཆེ་གུར་གུམ་ "Kashmiri saffron", was particularly prized in Asia. This saffron was called ཤ་ཁ་མ་ Shak…
སྐྲག་པ་
Transliteration: skrag pa
I. <verb> v.i. སྐྲག་པ་/ སྐྲག་པ་/ སྐྲག་པ་//. The general intransitive verb for mind being afraid of something. Hence "to be afraid / scared / frightened". There are several verbs relating to "fear" in Tibetan and their meanings are usually not well distinguished by translators. This verb has the connotation that one is "scared" or "frightened" i.e., that there is anxiety in the mind because …
འཇིག་པ་
Transliteration: 'jig pa
I. <verb> v.t. བཤིག་པ་/ འཇིག་པ་/ བཤིག་པ་/ ཤིག་/. Although often given only "to demolish", "to destroy" the verb actually means "to overcome and hence destroy / eliminate / etc.". E.g., མཁར་རྫོང་ནང་རོལ་ནས་བཤིག་ན་ལས་སླ། "a lofty fortress is easily overcome when destroyed from the inside"; རང་ལུགས་རང་གིས་མ་བཤིག་ན་གཞན་གྱིས་འཇིག་མི་ཐུབ། "as long as you don't destroy your own tradition yourself, …
ལི་ཁྲི་
Transliteration: li khri
I. In reference to a substance which is used as a medicine. [SCD] says that Jaeschke and [LGK] give it as red lead oxide; careful examination shows that Jaesche does but [LGK] definitely does not.
II. The name of the substance used in Tibetan as one of two ways of saying "orange colour". (The other way is དམར་གསེར་ "yellow-red" but understood as meaning orange). The Tibetan culture uses its colour…
གྲིམ་པ་
Transliteration: grim pa
<verb> v.i. གྲིམ་པ་/ གྲིམ་པ་/ གྲིམ་པ་//. Transitive form is སྒྲིམ་པ་ q.v. This verb is often taken to mean "to be tightened, made taut". The actual meaning is that the scattered, loosely arrayed parts of something are brought together into a "tighter" and more ordered situation.
1) Opp. of ལྷོད་པ་. Meaning "to become tighter" in that a previously slack situation is removed. It is important t…
རྣམ་བཅུ་དབང་ལྡན་
Transliteration: rnam bcu dbang ldan
<noun> "The powerful ten aspects". The name of the structure of the eight seed-syllables of Kālachakra when they are stacked up one upon another. The syllables are ཧྂ་ཀྵ་མ་ལ་ཝ་ར་ཡ་ and they are stacked up like this:

ྶྸམལཝརཡྂ



This represents ten aspects of the deity's complete maṇḍala. The lowest four ལ་ཝ་ར་ཡ་ represent the four elements. The མ་ is Mt. Meru with the deity's palace. The ཀྵ་ re…
དཔའ་བོ་
Transliteration: dpa' bo
<noun> "Hero", "warrior". Translation of the Sanskrit "vīra". 1) A general term for anyone who is strong and capable when it comes to fighting off an enemy of any kind. On context it can mean "a brave person", "a hero", "a great warrior". However, it is not restricted only to the idea of heros in war and so on. It can also refer to a tough person, one who is capable of fighting and fending …
རྟེན་
Transliteration: rten
I. <verb> Imp. of རྟེན་པ་ q.v.
II. <noun> A general term for anything that རྟེན་པ་ something else, "a support". The one term has a wide range of usages and many English words are needed to translate them. 1) A "support" or "prop". E.g., ལག་རྟེན་ "a walking stick, cane"; རྒྱབ་རྟེན་ the back support on a chair or throne. 2) "Support" used to refer to མི་ལུས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ the precious human …
ཐབས་
Transliteration: thabs
<noun> "Means", "method", "technique". Translation of the Sanskrit "upāya". 1) A general term for anything that is a means or method for getting something done. 2) "Method" as one of the pair "ཐབས་ upāya and ཤེས་རབ་ prajñā". In the Mahāyāna it is said that both method and insight are needed to obtain enlightenment; having merely one or the other is like a bird with only one wing. The first …
ཡ་ང་བ་
Transliteration: ya nga ba
I. <noun> 1) "Fear" in the sense of "dread", "apprehension", "anxiety"; the thought that something might happen and being nerve-wracked by it. E.g., [TC] གདོང་ཐུག་དགྲ་བོའི་མདུན་དུ་སེམས་ལ་ཡ་ང་རྩ་བ་ནས་མེད། "face to face with the enemy and not a shred of anxiety"; ཡ་ང་བ་སྤྱོད་པ། "acting without apprehension". 2) "Mercy" as in "concern", "consideration" for others. E.g., ཡ་ང་སྙིང་རྗེ་མེད་པ། "wi…
འཇུར་བ་
Transliteration: 'jur ba
I. <verb> v.t. བཅུར་བ་/ འཇུར་བ་/ གཅུར་བ་/ ཆུར་/. 1) The basic meaning is "to restrict " or "to reign in" in reference to people or things that are bad or are doing bad. E.g., with a criminal who has done some major crime but has not been caught, the government might make statements that they will འཇུར་བ་ forcefully and strictly apply the law to a criminal. It means that the bad person or pe…
ཉ་
Transliteration: nya
I. <consonant letter> The eighth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = རྐན་སྣ་དང་བཅས་པ་ the palate together with the nose; བྱེད་པ་ producer = ལྕེ་དབུས་ the upper, central part of the tongue; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = joining the tongue to the palate; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ ou…
འ་
Transliteration: 'a
I. <consonant letter> The twenty-third of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = the throat; བྱེད་པ་ producer = the throat; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = opened larynx; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ outer effort = unaspirated and sounded. 2) When used as a མིང་གཞི་ name-base, the consonant …
སྟིམ་པ་
Transliteration: stim pa
<verb> v.t. བསྟིམས་པ་/ སྟིམ་པ་/ བསྟིམ་པ་/ སྟིམས་/. Intransitive form is ཐིམ་པ་ q.v. The base meaning of this verb is to cause one thing "to subside" into another with the specific understanding that the two things merge inseparably. For instance to pour one liquid into another so that one is merged into the other. This is often referred to with a variety of English verbs "to mix", "to mingl…
མདོར་བསྟན་
Transliteration: mdor bstan
<phrase> "Synopsis" or "Brief presentation". One of a range of terms used to indicate a certain level or type of presentation of a topic; see also རྒྱས་པར་བཤད་པ་ "synopsis" and དོན་བསྡུ་བ་ "summary". The མདོར་བསྟན་ is the synopsis given at the beginning of the presentation of a subject; it shows the very essence of the material to be presented. The term is often used as a heading and in tha…
བརྩོན་འགྲུས་
Transliteration: brtson 'grus
<noun> "Perseverance". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "vīryam". The original Sanskrit conveys the sense of "energetic application" to any task. When Tibetan Buddhism glosses the meaning in a dharma context, the word is explained as having three, simultaneous connotations: 1) primarily that effort is put out towards achieving a goal, i.e., it is the opp. of laziness; 2) and secondarily th…
ཅེ་ན་
Transliteration: ce na
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of three compound connectors: ཅེ་ན་, ཞེ་ན་, and ཤེ་ན་.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of them is required, this one must be used after words that end in ག་, ད་, བ་, or ད་དྲག་ forceful ending.
Meaning: It is the phrase connector ཅེ་ q.v. meaning "say" followed by the phrase connector ན་ meaning "if" or "were yo…