THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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ཕ་རྒྱུད་
Transliteration: pha rgyud
I. <noun> Abbrev. of ཨ་ཕའི་རིགས་རྒྱུད་ "father's family line".
II. <noun> "Father tantra". Translation of the Sanskrit "patṛtantra". The གསར་འགྱུར་ new translation tantras categorize the tantras and yidam practices associated with the བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་རྣལ་འབྱོར་ anuttarayoga section into three different types: 1) མ་རྒྱུད་ "mother tantra"; 2) ཕ་རྒྱུད་ "father tantra"; and 3) གཉིས་མེད་རྒྱུད་…
ཁྲག་འཐུང་ལྔ་བཅུ་ང་བརྒྱད་
Transliteration: khrag 'thung lnga bcu nga brgyad
<enum> "The fifty-eight herukas". The early translation tantras in Tibet contain several tantric systems made up of ཞི་ཁྲོ་ peaceful and wrathful deities, e.g., in the system that gives rise to the Tibetan Book of the Dead. These systems have two main maṇḍalas of ཞི་བའི་ལྷ་ཞེ་གཉིས་ the forty-two peaceful deities q.v. and the fifty-eight herukas referred to here.
The fifty-eight herukas are c…
དགེ་སློང་མ་
Transliteration: dge slong ma
<noun> "Nun". Translation of the Sanskrit "bhikṣhuni". A fully ordained nun. The approach of taking ordination belongs to the approach of the Lesser Vehicle of Buddhism. In that system there are སོ་སོར་ཐར་པའི་རིགས་བདུན་ seven different types of person who follow the system of accepting personal vows as a way of following the path and this is one of them. The full ordination lineage for nuns…
ཕུན་ཚོགས་སྡེ་བཞི་
Transliteration: phun tshogs sde bzhi
"The four sections of complete goodness". [DGT] gives as: 1) ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྡེ་ "dharma section"; 2) ནོར་གྱི་སྡེ་ "wealth section"; 3) འདོད་པའི་སྡེ་ "desirables section"; 4) ཐར་པའི་སྡེའོ་ "emancipation section".
[DGT] explains: །དང་པོ་ནི། མངོན་མཐོ་ངེས་ལེགས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུའོ། །གཉིས་པ་ནི། མང་དུ་ཐོས་པ་བཙལ་བ་དང་ནོར་གསོག་བསྲུང་བྱེད་པའོ། །གསུམ་པ་ནི། ལྷ་མིའི་ཡུལ་ལ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་པའོ། །བཞི་པ་ནི། བྱང་ཆུབ་སྒྲུབ་པ་ལ་བཤད་དོ།།…
རྐྱང་
Transliteration: rkyang
I. <noun> 1) "Kyang". The name of a wild animal that lives on the mountain slopes. It is a member of the horse family and is about the size of a small pony. 2) Abbrev. of རྐྱང་མ་ q.v.
II. <adj> Meaning "all by itself", with nothing else added in or nothing else accompanying it. The context will determine the translation. i) "Bare". In grammar, meaning a name-base consonant that has no …
འམ་
Transliteration: 'am
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of eleven connectors in grammar.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, the appropriate one must be chosen from the group. The appropriate one depends on the ending letter of the preceding word. If the preceding word ends in letter འ་ or has no ending, this connector འམ་ must be used.…

བྱ་བའི་ཡུལ་
Transliteration: bya ba'i yul
<phrase> 1) In Tibetan grammar this term has two meanings. 1) As described in the སུམ་ཅུ་པ་ Thirty Verses, it is the object of an action. The object of some action is pointed out by the use of the རྣམ་དབྱེ་གཉིས་པ་ second case. The construction of the second case involves the placement of one of the ལ་དོན་ la-equivalent connectors immediately following the object which is having something do…
དག་
Transliteration: dag
I. <noun> An abbrev. of དག་པ་ meaning "pure", etcetera, q.v.
II. An ending applied at the end of མིང་ grammatical names and མིང་དོན་ name equivalents in order to show the གཉིས་ཚིག་ dual plural q.v. I.e., an ending applied to the end of words / phrases in the རྣམ་དབྱེ་དང་པོ་ the first case that shows the dual plural.
It was originally defined as the term used to translate the dual plural of Sa…
མགུ་བ་
Transliteration: mgu ba
<verb> v.i. མགུ་བ་/ མགུ་བ་/ མགུ་བ་//. For the mind "to be content or full of delight". E.g., [TC] སེམས་ཧ་ཅང་དགའ་ཞིང་མགུ་བའི་ངང་ནས་མཇལ་འཕྲད་ཞུས་པ། "with joy and elation (or with extreme joy and delight) he was introduced (to the higher person)".
This term is generally used to express very strong enjoyment of mind. In ancient India it was often used as the word for sexual gratification. E.g., …
མཐུན་པ་
Transliteration: mthun pa
I. <verb> v.i. མཐུན་པ་/ མཐུན་པ་/ མཐུན་པ་//. The basic meaning is for two or more things "to be in harmony, in accord". 1) For living creatures this is variously used to mean "to agree", "to be in agreement with", "to be in accord", and also means "to be friendly", and "to be without discord". E.g., [TC] བྱ་རོག་འུག་པ་མི་མཐུན་པ། "the crow and owl do not get along". 2) For material and abstrac…
རྣམ་མཁྱེན་པ་
Transliteration: rnam mkhyen pa
<noun> "Knowledge of everything". Abbrev. of རྣམ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་མཁྱེན་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ "the wisdom which knows every superfice". Also translated as "omniscience".
1) This terminology is a central part of the explanations of the prajñāpāramitā literature. It is the name of the third of the མཁྱེན་པ་གསུམ་ three knowledges and third of the ཤེར་ཕྱིན་དངོས་པོ་བརྒྱད་ eight main subjects of prajñāpāramitā. When…
ཐུག་པ་
Transliteration: thug pa
I. <verb> v.i. ཐུག་པ་/ ཐུག་པ་/ ཐུག་པ་//. Transitive form is གཏུག་པ་ q.v. "To contact" in the sense of "to come into contact with", "to meet with", "to touch". E.g., [TC] འབུ་དེ་གློག་ལ་ཐུག་ཙམ་གྱིས་ཤི་ཡོང་། "As soon as the insect touches the electric grid it will die"; དཀའ་ལས་ཁག་པོ་དང་ཐུག་པ། "meet with difficulty"; གྲོགས་པོ་ཐུག་པ། "met a friend"; མཐར་ཐུག་པ། lit. "touching the very end", hence…
སྣོན་པ་
Transliteration: snon pa
I. <verb> v.t. བསྣན་པ་/ སྣོན་པ་/ བསྣན་པ་/ སྣོན་/. Meaning "to add to" with the specific connotation of adding extra to something. 1) It is used generally in the sense "to add something further", i.e., "to augment". This often has the sense of improvement or enhancement included and that should be accounted for in the translation. E.g., [TC] འགོ་ཁྲིད་ལ་ཤུགས་སྣོན་པ། "added strength to the lea…
ལྕེ་
Transliteration: lce
I. <noun> "The tongue". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "jihvā". [Hon] is ལྗགས་.
A. The physical tongue is part of the process of perception. It houses the sense of smell. 1) The "tongue" faculty contained in the physical tongue is one of the དབང་པོ་དྲུག་ six sense faculties that are the means by which consciousness occurs. 2) The "tongue" faculty contained in the physical tongue is thus o…
བསྐལ་པ་གྲངས་མེད་གསུམ་
Transliteration: bskal pa grangs med gsum
<phrase> "Three incalculable kalpa". Acc. to the Mahāyāna scriptures, the time taken for a being to traverse the path to Buddhahood from the beginning to the end, is the time taken for three universes to come into being and end. Each of those is reckoned in length as བསྐལ་པ་གྲངས་མེད་པ་ one incalculable kalpa. Thus, the journey to buddhahood takes three incalculable kalpas and in this contex…
གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་
Transliteration: gtsug lag khang
<noun> Translation of the Sanskrit "vihāra"; see བི་ཧཱ་ར་. The basic meaning is a container, usually for something of value. In Buddhism, it is used to mean a place where one or more of the Three Jewels are stationed. In ancient India, this term was used to distinguish a place that was a temple for Buddhist purposes from places that were temples for other, non-Buddhist purposes. For example…
སྤོ་བ་
Transliteration: spo ba
<verb> v.t. སྤོས་པ་/ སྤོ་བ་/ སྤོ་བ་/ སྤོས་/. Intransitive form is འཕོ་བ་ q.v. The basic meaning is "to shift" from one thing or place to another. 1) "To shift", "to move", or "to switch" house, office, or dwelling from one place to another. E.g., [TC] ལས་ཁུངས་སྤོ་བ། "to shift / move the office" or "to shift from one office to another"; སྡོད་གནས་སྤོ་བ། "to shift / move the dwelling" or "to s…
ཆོས་ཤེས་
Transliteration: chos shes
<noun> "Cognition of the dharma". The name of a specific set of moments in the sixteen moments of insight called མཐོང་ལམ་གྱི་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྐད་ཅིག་བཅུ་དྲུག་ "the sixteen moments of wisdom on the path of seeing" q.v. for more information. There are two descriptions of the sixteen moments. One is the commonly know sūtra teaching in which the emphasis is on the discarding of samsaric fetters through …
རྩེ་མོའི་ཕྱིར་མི་སྡོག་པའི་རྟགས་དྲུག་
Transliteration: rtse mo'i phyir mi sdog pa'i rtags drug
<enum> "The six signs of (attaining the position of) non-reversal from the peak". [JKE] gives as: 1) ལུས་ལ་སྲིན་བུའི་རིགས་མི་འབྱུང་བ་ ""; 2) སེམས་ལ་གྱ་གྱུ་མེད་པ་ ""; 3) སྦྱངས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་བཅུ་གཉིས་བསྟེན་པ་ ""; 4) སེར་སྣ་དང་འཆལ་བའི་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་སོགས་མེད་པ་ ""; 5) ཆོས་ཉིད་དང་མི་འགལ་པར་ཤེར་ཕྱིན་དང་ལྡན་པར་འགྲོ་བ་ ""; 6) གཞན་དོན་དུ་དམྱལ་བར་འགྲོ་འདོད་པ་ "". See also སྦྱོར་ལམ་དྲོད་ཕྱིར་མི་ལྡོག་བའི་རྟགས…
དྲི་
Transliteration: dri
I. <noun> "Smell". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "gandhaḥ". Smell is defined in the Abhidharma as that which is the སྣའི་ཡུལ་ object of the nose. In other words, it specifically means the ཡུལ་ object known by the སྣའི་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ nose consciousness through the སྣའི་དབང་པོ་ nose sense-power. In the Abhidharma, various descriptions of the individual components of smell are given; [NDS] …
མི་ཡི་སེང་གེ་
Transliteration: mi yi seng ge
<phrase> "Lion(s) among men". Same as སྐྱེས་བུའི་སེང་གེ་ q.v. This is a commonly used phrase in the sutras as an epithet either of a buddha or of a buddha and his bodhisatva sons. It is an epithet specifically of Śhākyamuni Buddha and is equally an epithet of buddhas and their bodhisatva sons in general. The meaning is explained as follows by Ontrul Tenpa'i Wangchug.
དཔེར་ན་གདུང་ལྔའི་དབང་པོ་…
མཻ་ཏྲི་པ་
Transliteration: mai tri pa
<noun> "Maitripa". The name of one of the Indian mahāsiddhas. One of མར་པ་ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་ Marpa The Translator's principal gurus and a contemporary of Nāropa. Nāropa told Marpa that Maitripa was the great expert in the view and that Marpa should go and study the view with him. Maitripa was the re-discoverer of the Uttaratantra text རྒྱུད་བླ་མ་ written by Asaṅga and promoted the text greatly, causi…
ཚར་
Transliteration: tshar
I. <adv> Equivalent to ཐེངས་ and ལན་ meaning the number of times that something is done or repeated. E.g., ཡང་བསྐྱར་ཚར་གཅིག་བཤད་རོ་གནང་། "please explain it one more time". E.g., ཚར་ཅི་མང་གིས་ "however many times".
II. <noun> 1) "Line" or "row" or "string (of things)". 2) "Thread" meaning a sequence of things that belong to one set. In discussions of རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ it is used to have the m…
རང་སངས་རྒྱས་
Transliteration: rang sangs rgyas
<phrase> "Pratyekabuddha", "solitary realizer" or "self-made buddha". The disciples of the Buddha who followed the teachings of the ཐེག་པ་དམན་པ་ Lesser Vehicle were of two kinds: Śhrāvakas and Pratyekabuddhas. The Śhrāvakas listened to the teaching and taught it to others, the Pratyekabuddhas having heard the teaching went off and obtained their realization in solitary practice.
The term "pr…
སྐྱེ་བ་
Transliteration: skye ba
I. <verb> v.i. སྐྱེས་པ་/ སྐྱེ་བ་/ སྐྱེ་བ་//. Transitive form is སྐྱེད་པ་ q.v. 1) Meaning "for that which was not present previously to come about" i.e., "to be born", "to arise", "to come about", "to be produced". This one word in Tibetan covers all types of births / production / arisings unlike English which has a number of specialized words for specific types of birth. Thus in some cases …