THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་
Transliteration: rnam par shes pa
<noun> "Consciousness". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "vijñāna". The term is used in two, distinct ways in Buddhist perceptual theory.
1) Generally speaking, the terms ཡིད་, རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་, and སེམས་ are equivalent when referring to the basic fact of "a knower". When used in a general way like this, རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ consciousness just refers to the fact that a being is aware; somewhat like s…
ལུས་
Transliteration: lus
I. <noun> "The (physical) body". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "kāyaḥ". [Hon] is སྐུ་. A synonym for the physical body is གཟུགས་པོ་ "physical (visible) form".
A. The physical body is part of the process of perception. It houses the sense of touch. 1) The "body" faculty contained in the physical body is one of the དབང་པོ་དྲུག་ six sense faculties that are the means by which consciousness …
འཇིག་ཚོགས་ལ་ལྟ་བ་
Transliteration: 'jig tshogs la lta ba
<noun> "(Wrong) view of the perishing collection". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "satkāyadrṣhṭiḥ". One of the ལྟ་བ་ལྔ་ five wrong views described by the Buddha. This is a view in which the five aggregates which are perishing from moment to moment, and which are a collection of many things put together are taken as my and mine. It is also one of the ཀུན་ཏུ་སྦྱོར་བ་གསུམ་ three enmeshments…
འཕེན་པ་
Transliteration: 'phen pa
I. <verb> v.t. འཕངས་པ་/ འཕེན་པ་/ འཕང་བ་/ འཕོངས་/. This has the basic meaning "to propel something" off in a certain direction. 1) There are several English words that suit the literal meaning: "to propel", "to hurl", "to cast", "to fling", and "to throw". E.g., [TC] མདའ་འཕེན་པ། "fired / sent / released the arrow"; རྡོ་འཕེན་པ། "hurled / cast / flung / propelled a stone"; བཏང་བའི་མི་རེད། འཕངས…
རྗེས་ཤེས་
Transliteration: rjes shes
<noun> 1) "Post-attainment awareness" meaning the consciousness during the time of རྗེས་ཐོབ་ post-attainment as opposed to the time of མཉམ་བཞག་ equipoise. 2) "Subsequent cognition". The realization of the four Noble Truths on the path of seeing occurs in a sequence of sixteen moments of insight via wisdom called མཐོང་ལམ་གྱི་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྐད་ཅིག་བཅུ་དྲུག་ "the sixteen moments of wisdom on the path…
རྡོ་རྗེ་འཆང་
Transliteration: rdo rje 'chang
<noun> "Vajra Bearer". Translation of the Sanskrit "vajradhara". The Sanskrit and Tibetan terms mean "bearer of the vajra" and note that this is slightly different from རྡོ་རྗེ་འཛིན་པ་ "holder of the vajra". The "bearer of the vajra" has more air of authority to it; it means the person who has it and is the authority of it. The "holder of the vajra" means more simply, someone who has the va…
ལྷའི་དབང་པོ་བརྒྱ་བྱིན་
Transliteration: lha'i dbang po brgya byin
<phrase> "Kauśhika, Chief of the Gods". Translation of the Sanskrit "devendra kauśhika". The name of a god who is the chief of the thirty-three gods who preside over the desire realm heaven called སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་གསུམ་ Heaven of the Thirty-three. The first part of the name ལྷའི་དབང་པོ་ q.v. means "Chief of Gods" which is his title. He gets this title because he is the chief of all the chief gods …
སྲེད་པ་
Transliteration: sred pa
I. <verb> v.i. སྲེད་པ་/ སྲེད་པ་/ སྲེད་པ་//. 1) "To thirst for", "to crave" meaning to want very badly. Similar to ཞེན་པ་ and ཆགས་པ་ but with the specific image derived from the original Sanskrit of "thirsting after". This has been translated as "clinging" but that is closer to ཞེན་པ་ q.v. This is not the mind "clinging" to something but simply wanting it repeatedly, the mind thinking again …
ས་བཅད་
Transliteration: sa bcad
<noun> "Outline", "Heading", "Outline head". The name of a particular feature of Tibetan texts. Tibetan texts often have their contents summarized into headings. These headings might be gathered together as an outline to show the structure and content of a text or might be left in place in the text. Note that a given text might not have an outline written into it. Since outlines are helpful…
མཉམ་ཉིད་བཅུ་
Transliteration: mnyam nyid bcu
<enum> "The ten equalities". Here, "equality" is a synonym for emptiness, which is the point of equivalence of all phenomena. [DGT] [JKE] give as: 1) ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་མཚན་མ་མེད་པར་མཉམ་པ་ཉིད་ "the equality of all phenomena in being signless"; 2) མཚན་ཉིད་མེད་པར་མཉམ་པ་ཉིད་ "the equality of all phenomena in being characteristicless"; 3) སྐྱེ་བ་མེད་པ་མཉམ་པ་ཉིད་ "the equality of all phenomena in being …
རོ་གཅིག་
Transliteration: ro gcig
<phrase> "One taste". Translation of the Sanskrit "ekarasa". 1) Literally meaning having the "same taste" to the tongue. 2) Meaning that two things have become mixed inseparably. This meaning in English has traditionally been verbalized with "same flavour" but "one taste" seems to have superceded that in Buddhist translations these days. E.g., in རོ་གཅིག་རྣལ་འབྱོར་ "the yoga of one taste" w…
སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་
Transliteration: sangs rgyas kyi sku
<phrase> "Body / bodies of a buddha". Translation of the Sanskrit "buddhakāya". A buddha does not have a "body" in the conventional sense. However, so that sentient beings can gain an understanding of what a buddha is, a buddha is said to have སྐུ་ (the Tibetan term for the Sanskrit) "kāya", which means "aspects" and which is mostly translated as "bodies".
In the Buddhist teachings in genera…
སྦྱོར་ལམ་དྲོད་ཕྱིར་མི་ལྡོག་བའི་རྟགས་བཅུ་གཅིག་
Transliteration: sbyor lam drod phyir mi ldog ba'i rtags bcu gcig
<enum> "The eleven signs of (attaining the position of) non-reversal from the path connection's (level of) warmth". [JKE] gives as: 1) གཞན་དོན་དུ་གཟུགས་སོགས་ལ་བདེན་ཞེན་ལྡོག་པ་ ""; 3) སྐྱབས་གསུམ་ལ་ཐེ་ཚོམ་ཟད་པ་ ""; 3) མི་ཁོམ་པ་བརྒྱད་ཟད་པ་ ""; 4) རང་གཞག་གཉིས་ཀ་དགེ་བའི་ཆོས་ལ་སྦྱོར་བ་ ""; 5) བདག་གཞན་བརྗེ་བའི་བསམ་པས་སྦྱིན་པ་ ""; 6) ཟབ་མོའི་དོན་ལ་སོམ་ཉི་མི་བྱེད་པ་ ""; 7) སྒོ་གསུམ་གྱི་སྤྱོད་པ་བྱམས་…
དེ་ཉིད་
Transliteration: de nyid
I. <pronoun> A word construction that allows for the identification of something for what it is; e.g., མི་དེ་ཉིད། "(not something or someone else but) that particular person".
II. <noun> 1) "Principle". In Abhidharma: the Sāṃkhya philosophical tradition of India enumerates twenty-five (true) "principles" which are translated as "དེ་ཉིད་" in Tibetan. See a description of their tradition…
ཟ་བ་
Transliteration: za ba
I. <verb> v.t. བཟས་པ་/ ཟ་བ་/ བཟའ་བ་/ ཟོ་/. The general verb for "to eat". E.g., [TC] མངར་ཆ་ཟ་བ། "eating sweet things"; ཟ་ཟ་འཐུང་འཐུང་། "eating and drinking (continuous sense)"; ཁ་ལ་མར་ཞིག་བཟས་ནས། །རྐན་ལ་རུས་པ་ཟུག་བྱུང་།། "having eaten one piece of fat, a bone stuck into my palate".
II. <verb> v.i. ཟ་བ་/ ཟ་བ་/ ཟ་བ་//. Same as ཟ་ཕྲུག་ལངས་པ་ "to itch" q.v. E.g., [TC] གཟུགས་པོ་ཟ་བ། "the bo…
ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་
Transliteration: sh'akya thub pa
<noun> "Śhākya Sage", "Śhākyamuni". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "Śhākyamuni"; meaning "The muni of the Śhākya clan". This is one of the principal epithets of the fourth of the རྣམ་འདྲེན་ world-guides to appear in this world in the current བསྐལ་པ་བཟང་པོ་ "Good Kalpa", i.e., of the buddha of the present time. He was given the name "Siddhartha" shortly after birth when his father, King Ś…
མཛད་པ་
Transliteration: mdzad pa
I. <verb> v.t. མཛད་པ་/ མཛད་པ་/ མཛད་པ་/ མཛོད་/. The [Hon] form of བྱེད་པ་ meaning "to do", "to make", etc. 1) Since it is the [Hon] form, English words such as "to enact", "to perform" are appropriate. It is often used with an auxiliary verb, in which case its presence changes the auxiliary to the [Hon] form, and it is then important to choose a word that reflects the [Hon]. E.g., [TC] མཛད་ས…
འགྲོགས་པ་
Transliteration: 'grogs pa
<verb> v.t. འགྲོགས་པ་/ འགྲོགས་པ་/ འགྲོགས་པ་/ འགྲོགས་/. Meaning "to accompany", "to keep company with", "to associate with". It is often used to refer to varying degrees of relationship between two or more people in which they go together. E.g., for people "to accompany each other" during some activity or journey; for friends "to spend time together" or "to keep company with each other". E.g…
ངེས་པ་
Transliteration: nges pa
I. <verb> v.i. ངེས་པ་/ ངེས་པ་/ ངེས་པ་//. 1) "To be certain", "to be ascertained" meaning "to be determined and decided on". E.g., [TC] མི་གྲངས་ངེས་པ། "the population was ascertained / determined"; འབོར་ཚད་ངེས་པ། "the amount was ascertained / determined"; འགྲོ་རྒྱུར་ངེས་པ། "had decided to go"; བྱ་རྒྱུར་ངེས་པ། "knew (had ascertained) what was to be done"; རིགས་གཉིས་སུ་ངེས་པ། "ascertained it a…
རེ་བ་
Transliteration: re ba
I. <verb> v.i. རེ་བ་/ རེ་བ་/ རེ་བ་//. "To want for something" and hence in English to "wish for", "to hope for", "to want", and in some contexts, "to expect". E.g., [TC] ཡུན་ནས་ཞལ་མཇལ་དུ་རེ་བ། "wanted for a long time to meet him in person"; ཡིད་ལ་རེ། "wanting in mind"; རེ་ངན་ཁོག་བཅངས། "holding onto a set of bad aspirations"; ལེགས་པར་བསྒྲུབ་ཐུབ་པར་རེ་བ། "was hoping that he would be able to a…
འཇལ་བ་
Transliteration: 'jal ba
<verb> v.t. བཅལ་བ་/ འཇལ་བ་/ གཞལ་བ་/ འཇོལ་/. 1) "To measure" physical things including "to weigh" their weight. E.g., [TC] མང་ཉུང་འབོ་ལ་འཇལ་བ། "to measure the amount in bo"; རིང་ཐུང་འདོམ་ལ་གཞལ། "to measure the distance in fathoms"; ས་བབ་ཀྱི་ཚད་འཇལ་བ། "to measure an area of ground". 2) To measure of things mentally by mental analysis or examination, i.e., "to evaluate", "to assess", "to weigh…
གསུང་རབ་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག་དགུ་
Transliteration: gsung rab kyi yan lag dgu
<phrase> "The nine branches of the excellent discourses". Abbrev. of གསུང་རབ་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག་དགུ་ q.v. Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "navāṅgapravacana". The Buddha's excellent speech as recorded in the sūtras is usually divided into གསུང་རབ་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག་བཅུ་གཉིས་ "the twelve branches of the excellent discourses". However, these are sometimes grouped into nine. [DGT] says that the four parts: 1) …
དར་བ་
Transliteration: dar ba
I. <verb> v.i. དར་བ་/ དར་བ་/ དར་བ་//. Meaning for something to develop and become widespread, hence "to flourish", "to spread", "to be propagated". It is often used for traditions, systems of thought or culture, and especially is used in regard to the Buddha's teaching in Tibet which had an initial (early) and subsequent (later) period of propagation. It is the opp. of རྒུད་པ་ q.v. E.g., ཆོ…
ཁ་ན་མ་ཐོ་བ་
Transliteration: kha na ma tho ba
<noun> "Wrong doing(s)", "misdeed(s)". Translation of the Sanskrit "avadya" meaning in Sanskrit "not to be praised", something which is disagreeable and not nice to discuss. The term was used in ancient India and in Tibet following it as a euphemism for wrong-doings, bad actions, in general.
Wrongdoing is an ancient term from India which literally means "unmentionable act". In the community …
དགོས་པ་
Transliteration: dgos pa
I. <verb> v.i. དགོས་པ་/ དགོས་པ་/ དགོས་པ་//. "To need" in the sense of require. E.g., ནད་གཞི་བཅོས་པར་སྨན་དགོས། "to cure disease medicine is needed"; ང་ལ་དཔེ་ཆ་གཅིག་དགོས། "I need a pecha"; མང་པོ་མི་དགོས། "many are not needed" or "I don't need many".
II. <ཚིག་གྲོགས་ phrase assistive> In this usage, དགོས་ alone is placed directly after a verb of action to give the imperative sense of "must…