THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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རིགས་
Transliteration: rigs
I. <noun> Translation of the Sanskrit "gotra". 1) "Line" or "lineage" in the sense of family line. Hence also "line", "blood-line", "caste," "family", "family-line". This meaning is the common usage in the sūtras and tantras where it indicates the essence that all sentient beings have in their minds that makes it possible for them to become buddha. I.e., they have the "line" necessary to be…
སྐྱ་
Transliteration: skya
I. <verb> See སྐྱ་བ་ q.v.
II. <noun> 1) The "harvest" or "crop" or "produce" of a year not meaning the actual ལོ་ཏོག་ harvest but the totality of the harvest and the produce of various foods and drinks that come from it in any given year. 2) Indicating a pale colour. E.g., [TYL] ཁ་དང་མིག་གཉིས་སྐྱ་ལོག་འགྲོ་ "(at the time of death) the mouth and eyes turn pale". i) In ancient India, orda…
བུམ་པ་
Transliteration: bum pa
<noun> 1) A vessel with bulbous bottom and a small mouth which in the Indian and Tibetan traditions was used as a container. Usually translated as "pot" or "vase" because of its shape but "flask" could also be used. These containers were usually made of terra-cotta or metal not of glass, hence "bottle" would generally not be a correct translation. 2) Translation of the Sanskrit "kalaśha". A…
རབ་རིབ་
Transliteration: rab rib
<noun> 1) "Vitreous floaters" or , in short, "floaters"; see notes below. 2) Abbrev. of རབ་བི་རིབ་བི་ q.v.
Vitreous floaters is the name of a particular disease of the eye. In Western opthalmology the scientific name is the latinate muscae volintantes (literally wandering house-flies) but that name is rarely used, even among opthalmologists. The common name for the disease is "vitreous float…
དགེ་བའི་བཤེས་གཉེན་
Transliteration: dge ba'i bshes gnyen
<noun> "Spiritual friend". Translation of the Sanskrit "kalyāṇamitra". Common abbrev. as དགེ་བཤེས་ also q.v. 1) A general term for a spiritual teacher who advises you and assists you. In the three vehicle teachings of Tibetan Buddhism, the Spiritual Friend is placed as the general name for a teacher in the Mahāyāna tradition, with the གནས་བརྟན་ "elder" being the general name for a teacher i…
ཡིན་པ་
Transliteration: yin pa
I. <ཚིག་གྲོགས་ phrase assistive> but functioning as English linking <verb> "to be". Since it is not classified as a verb in Tibetan grammar, it does not have tense forms assigned to it. In English grammar, this type of verb is called a "linking" verb and considered a verb with a specialized function. However, in Tibetan grammar, it is not seen as a verb, since it does not indicate a d…
རྣམ་པ་
Transliteration: rnam pa
I. <noun> The noun has the general meaning of the surface appearance of something in contrast to the actual entity itself. 1) Meaning "type", e.g., རྣམ་པ་མི་འདྲ་བ་ "various types"; སྦྱིན་པ་རྣམ་པ་གསུམ་ "the three types of generosity". i) With this same meaning in Tibetan, it is regularly used in the language to indicate a group with parts / members / subdivision/ but this sense will not usua…
རོ་
Transliteration: ro
I. <noun> A. "Taste". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "rasaḥ". Taste is defined in the Abhidharma as that which is the ལྕེའི་ཡུལ་ object of the tongue. In other words, it specifically means the ཡུལ་ object known by the ལྕེའི་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ ear consciousness through the ལྕེའི་དབང་པོ་ ear sense-power. In the Abhidharma, taste is described as having six individual components; see རོ་དྲུག་ "si…
གཟུང་འཛིན་
Transliteration: gzung 'dzin
<phrase> "Grasped / grasping". Abbrev. of གཟུང་བ་ and འཛིན་པ་. A key term of the སེམས་ཙམ་ Mind-only system of philosophy and of the tantras which (at least when they were introduced into Tibet) follow a very similar system of view. The terms together refer to the "object of consciousness that གཟུང་བ་ will be known through grasping and the subjective consciousness which འཛིན་པ་ does the gras…
མང་ཚིག་
Transliteration: mang tshig
<noun> The "plural". Plurality in Tibetan is indicated by adding one of three pluralizing connectors རྣམས་, དག་, and ཚོ་ to the end of a word or phrase that is in རྣམ་དབྱེ་དང་པོ་ the first (nominative) case.
Note that the Tibetan way of making the plural, the addition of a word to the end of the singular, is different from the Sanskrit method. In Sanskrit, the plural is made by declension (m…
བཅས་པ་
Transliteration: bcas pa
I. <verb> Past of v.t. and v.i. འཆའ་བ་ [TC].
II. <possessive indicator> A very common and important usage is that when this term is connected with a noun, it makes the noun something that is possessed by, had by, associated with something else. Note the "associated with" possibility; this is actually the sense most freq. intended. E.g. ལྟ་བ་གཉིས་ཡོད་དེ་ལྟ་བ་རྩོལ་བ་དང་བཅས་པ་། ལྟ་བ་རྩོལ་…
རྫོགས་པ་
Transliteration: rdzogs pa
I. <verb> v.i. རྫོགས་པ་/ རྫོགས་པ་/ རྫོགས་པ་//. The connotation of this verb is exactly "to be done and complete". 1) "To be complete". Note that this term does not mean "to be perfect" but rather, "to be complete". E.g., [TC] མཐུན་རྐྱེན་གང་དགོས་ཚང་མ་རྫོགས་པ། "the conducive conditions required are all complete"; ཟླ་བའི་ཆ་ཐམས་ཅད་རྫོགས་པར་ཤར་བ། "the moon is appearing as a completed (full) orb"…
ལེན་པ་
Transliteration: len pa
I. <verb> v.t. བླངས་པ་/ ལེན་པ་/ བླང་བ་/ ལོངས་/. 1) The full meaning is "to take something from somewhere else so that it is obtained here or brought into this situation". i) It includes the standard verb in English "to take" and its variants with the same meaning—"to grab hold of", "to seize"; e.g., མ་བྱིན་པར་མ་ལོངས་ཤིག "please do not take (for your own use) things which have not been offer…
བཟང་པོ་
Transliteration: bzang po
I. Translation of the Sanskrit "bhadra". 1)<adj> "Fine", "excellent", "good", E.g., མི་བཟང་པོ་ "a good person", "a fine man". 2) <name> According to the Sanskrit (not the Tibetan), as the name of a person and has the possible meanings: Blessed; Auspicious; Prosperous; Good; Gracious; Wholesome; Happy.
II. <noun> 1) "Bhadrika". Translation of the Sanskrit "Bhadrika". The name of o…
གཟུགས་
Transliteration: gzugs
"Form".
I. Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "rūpam".
A. "Form" is defined in the Abhidharma as that which is the མིག་གི་ཡུལ་ object of the eye. In other words, it specifically means the "visible form" which is what is known by the eye. The Abhidharma states that there are two aspects to visible form: དབྱིབས་ཀྱི་གཟུགས་ "shapes of visible form" and ཁ་དོག་གི་གཟུགས་ "colours (of visible form)". In the…
རྣམ་བཅུ་དབང་ལྡན་
Transliteration: rnam bcu dbang ldan
<noun> "The powerful ten aspects". The name of the structure of the eight seed-syllables of Kālachakra when they are stacked up one upon another. The syllables are ཧྂ་ཀྵ་མ་ལ་ཝ་ར་ཡ་ and they are stacked up like this:

ྶྸམལཝརཡྂ



This represents ten aspects of the deity's complete maṇḍala. The lowest four ལ་ཝ་ར་ཡ་ represent the four elements. The མ་ is Mt. Meru with the deity's palace. The ཀྵ་ re…
རྣམ་གྲངས་
Transliteration: rnam grangs
<noun> 1) "Enumerations" of differing types or categories of things. On context, translations such as "counts", "accountings of", "series of ", "categorizations", "listings" might be suitable. This term is used in many ways, usually in the sense of enumerating various, related items. i) For example, it is common to present a list of synonyms or cognate terms for some particular word which i…
སྡིག་པ་
Transliteration: sdig pa
I. <verb> v.t. བསྡིགས་པ་/ སྡིག་པ་/ བསྡིག་པ་/ སྡིགས་/. 1) "To threaten / menace / intimidate another using any means so that they are reduced to fear". To make someone cower back with any means. E.g., [TC] དྲག་ཤུགས་ཀྱིས་གཞན་ལ་སྡིག་པ། "intimidated the other with forceful means"; གྲྭ་དམངས་ལ་སྡིག་པ། "intimidated the monk body". 2) "To threaten / menace, intimidate another with words so that the…
ཉ་
Transliteration: nya
I. <consonant letter> The eighth of the གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ་ thirty consonants of the Tibetan language. 1) The enunciation of the consonant is defined as having: སྐྱེ་གནས་ place of production = རྐན་སྣ་དང་བཅས་པ་ the palate together with the nose; བྱེད་པ་ producer = ལྕེ་དབུས་ the upper, central part of the tongue; ནང་གི་རྩོལ་བ་ inner effort = joining the tongue to the palate; and ཕྱིའི་རྩོལ་བ་ ou…
ཕྱེད་པ་
Transliteration: phyed pa
I. <verb> v.i. ཕྱེད་པ་/ ཕྱེད་པ་/ ཕྱེད་པ་//. 1) "To demarcate" or "to distinguish" in the sense of marking the point of distinction between two separate physical things. Hence also "to make the division between... ". E.g., [TC] སྐྲ་དང་། དཔྲལ་བ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མཚམས་ཕྱེད་པ། "demarcating the boundary between the hair and forehead". 2) "To distinguish / divide mentally". E.g., [TC] བརྟག་དཔྱད་བྱས་ནས་བདེ…
ལྟ་བ་
Transliteration: lta ba
I. <verb> v.t. བལྟས་པ་/ ལྟ་བ་/ བལྟ་བ་/ ལྟོས་/. Intransitive form is མཐོང་བ་ q.v. 1) "To look" with the physical eye and in some contexts "to watch". E.g., ཕར་མིག་ལྟོས། "look over there"; མིག་ལྟོས། "look!". E.g., [TC] ཕན་ཚུན་དུ་ལྟ་བ། "to look at each other"; དཔེ་དེབ་ལ་བལྟ་བ། "looked at books"; མིག་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་བལྟས་ཏེ་གསལ་པོར་མཐོང་། "looked with both eyes and saw clearly"; མུན་ནག་གི་ནང་དུ་བལྟས་…
སྟིམ་པ་
Transliteration: stim pa
<verb> v.t. བསྟིམས་པ་/ སྟིམ་པ་/ བསྟིམ་པ་/ སྟིམས་/. Intransitive form is ཐིམ་པ་ q.v. The base meaning of this verb is to cause one thing "to subside" into another with the specific understanding that the two things merge inseparably. For instance to pour one liquid into another so that one is merged into the other. This is often referred to with a variety of English verbs "to mix", "to mingl…
མཚམས་སྦྱོར་བ་
Transliteration: mtshams sbyor ba
I. <verb> v.t. see སྦྱོར་བ་ for tense forms. For things previously disconnected to be joined together, for there conjunction, joining, juncture to be made so that there is now continuity. The provision of continuity by joining together two previously separated thing. "To conjoin" and also "to conjugate". E.g. in ཉིང་མཚམས་སྦྱོར་བ་ to connect up with a new birth, i.e., the moment of taking re…
འདུ་བ་
Transliteration: 'du ba
I. <verb> v.i. འདུས་པ་/ འདུ་བ་/ འདུ་བ་/ འདུས་/. Transitive form is སྡུད་པ་ q.v. The basic meaning is "to come together" or "to be together". These words imply the idea of things coming together in an accumulation, however the meaning "to accumulate" is given by སོགས་པ་ q.v. Furthermore, the words imply things coming together in an assemblage of some kind but that meaning is given by ཚོགས་པ་…
སྣ་
Transliteration: sna
I. <noun> "Nose". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "ghrāṇa". [Hon] is ཤངས་ q.v. The physical "nose" which has the physical sense of smelling. The term is also used to refer to the "noses" and mouth-like projections of various types of animal, therefore it is also used for elephant's "trunk", pig's "snout", bird's "beak", duck's "bill", etc.
A. The nose is among the orifices of the human bod…