THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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ངག་འཆལ་
Transliteration: ngag 'chal
<noun> Lit. "speech that is undisciplined" and with the connotations also of being un-focussed, meaningless. Note that this term was written ངག་འཁྱལ་ before the language revisions, q.v. 1) Generally, the term means to have the type of speech in which there is talk but the talk is of no real meaning, there is no real significance to it. This is usually defined in Tibetan as དོན་མེད་པའི་སྐད་ཆ…

ཡང་དག་པའི་སྤོང་བ་བཞི་
Transliteration: yang dag pa'i spong ba bzhi
"The four right abandonments". [DGT] gives as: 1) དགེ་བའི་ཆོས་མ་སྐྱེས་པ་རྣམས་བསྐྱེད་པ་ "abandonment of generating virtuous dharma that has not been created"; 2) སྐྱེས་པ་རྣམས་བསྲུང་བ་ "abandonment of protecting what has been created"; 3) མི་དགེ་བའི་ཆོས་སྐྱེས་པ་རྣམས་སྤོང་བ་ "abandonment of abandoning non-virtuous dharmas that have been created"; 4) མ་སྐྱེས་པ་རྣམས་མི་བསྐྱེད་པ་ "abandonment of not ge…

ཁ་ན་མ་ཐོ་བ་
Transliteration: kha na ma tho ba
<noun> "Wrong doing(s)", "misdeed(s)". Translation of the Sanskrit "avadya" meaning in Sanskrit "not to be praised", something which is disagreeable and not nice to discuss. The term was used in ancient India and in Tibet following it as a euphemism for wrong-doings, bad actions, in general.
Wrongdoing is an ancient term from India which literally means "unmentionable act". In the community …

བར་དུ་
Transliteration: bar du
<phrase> The grammatical name བར་—with the basic sense of interval, something in between something else—with the ལ་དོན་ la equivalent phrase linker དུ་ attached, putting the བར་ into the second, fourth, or seventh cases. The meaning would have to be known on context.
1) A very common construction is: following a negative verbal statement meaning until the verb occurs e.g., དེ་མ་བྱེད་བར་དུ་ཁོ…

སྐྱེས་བུ་ཆེན་པོ་
Transliteration: skyes bu chen po
1) "The great person" or "person of great scope". This indicates the highest one of the སྐྱེས་བུ་གསུམ་ three beings q.v. It shows the person of greatest capacity. One translator gives "advanced" but it is not that the person is advanced per se, it is that the person is སྐྱེས་བུ་ཆེན་པོའི་བློ་ "the person of great mental capacity", i.e., that the person has the greatest ability or scope in terms of…

ལྗོན་ཤིང་
Transliteration: ljon shing
<noun> 1) The general name for a living "tree" (and note that ཤིང་སྡོང་ is used instead of this term to mean "tree" in coll.). Note that this term always refers to a living tree, not a dead one. E.g., [RNC] འབྲས་བུའི་ལྗོན་ཤིང་བཟང་པོ་བསྐྱེད་པ་ "the production of a fine tree, the result of its seed". The well-known verse in the [BCA] illustrates this meaning well: །དགེ་བ་གཞན་ཀུན་ཆུ་ཤིང་བཞིན་ད…

མི་ཚངས་སྤྱོད་
Transliteration: mi tshangs spyod
<noun> Translation of the Sanskrit "abrahmachārya" which is the opp. of ཚངས་སྤྱོད་ "brahmachārya" q.v. Brāhmachārya in ancient India meant the practice of not engaging in sexual conduct, celibacy thus abrāhmachārya means to engage in sexual relations. The term is a carry from Indian culture over used in classical Tibetan texts. In Tibetan, the term becomes འཁྲིག་པ་སྤྱོད་པ་, sexual intercour…

ཡན་ལག་བདུན་
Transliteration: yan lag bdun
<noun> "The seven limbs / branches". The name given to a practice of pūja that contains seven parts and which is considered thereby to make a complete session of pūja / worship / offering in the Indian Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition. The practice is freq. included in Tibetan liturgies, since it is a complete practice in its own right. The practice is found in the Mahāyāna sūtra, Samantabhadra'…

ཐབས་མཁས་བཅུ་གཉིས་
Transliteration: thabs mkhas bcu gnyis
<enum> "The twelve aspects of (the pāramitā of) skilful means". See also ཐབས་མཁས་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་ "pāramitā of skilful means". [JKE] gives as: 1) སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་སྙིང་རྗེ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ ""; 2) རང་བཞིན་ཇི་ལྟ་བ་བཞིན་མཁྱེན་པ་ ""; 3) བླ་མེད་བྱང་ཆུབ་འདོད་པ་ ""; 4) འཁོར་བ་མི་གཏོང་བ་ ""; 5) ཉོན་མོངས་ཅན་མ་ཡི་པས་འཁོར་བར་འཁོར་བ་ ""; 6) སངས་རྒྱས་འདོད་པས་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་འབར་བ་ ""; 7) དགེ་རྩ་ཆུང་ངུ་རྣམས་ཚད་…

ལོག་པར་ལྟ་བ་
Transliteration: log par lta ba
I. <verb> v.t. see ལྟ་བ་ for tense forms. "To hold wrong views / view incorrectly".
II. <noun> "Wrong views". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "mithyādṛṣhṭaḥ". Wrong views is one of the five different types of ལྟ་བ་ལྔ་ "wrong views" that are one of རྩ་བའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་དྲུག་ six basic afflictions that keep sentient beings in cyclic existence. Note that ལོག་པར་ལྟ་བ་ "wrong views" is often…

ཞེ་སྡང་མེད་པ་
Transliteration: zhe sdang med pa
<noun> "Absence of aggression" or "non-anger", "non-aggression". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "adveṣha". 1) One of དགེ་བའི་རྩ་བ་གསུམ་ the three roots of virtue q.v. 2) One of the དགེ་བའི་སེམས་བྱུང་བཅུ་གཅིག་ eleven virtuous mental events. This virtuous mental event results in the mind not becoming མནར་སེམས་ malicious towards nor engaging in action against other beings or things which ca…

ལྷ་
Transliteration: lha
"God", "deity", "deva", "devi", "dev". Translation of the Sanskrit "devaḥ" (male). The female form "deviḥ" is rendered into Tibetan with ལྷ་མོ་. The term was used for a variety of purposes in Indian and, following it, Tibetan cultures. In general it was used either to refer to someone much higher than oneself. This could be a being in a higher realm or could be someone of much greater power or po…

མཐར་གྱིས་སྦྱོར་བའི་ཆོས་བཅུ་གསུམ་
Transliteration: mthar gyis sbyor ba'i chos bcu gsum
<enum> "The thirteen topics of connection of the gradual type". The topics belonging to a detailed exposition of མཐར་གྱིས་པའི་སྦྱོར་བ་ connection of the gradual type q.v. They thirteen are the items of three major topics q.v.: 1-6) ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པའི་མཐར་གྱིས་སྦྱོར་བ་དྲུག་ the six connections of gradual pāramitā; 7-12) རྗེས་སུ་དྲན་པའི་མཐར་གྱིས་སྦྱོར་བ་དྲུག་ the six connections of gradual rec…

ས་ལྔ་པའི་ཡོངས་སྦྱོང་བཅུ་
Transliteration: sa lnga pa'i yongs sbyong bcu
<enum> [JKE] gives as: 1) རྙེད་བཀུར་གྱི་ཆེད་དུ་ཁྱིམ་དང་འགྲོགས་འདྲིས་བྱེད་པ་སྤོང་བ་ ""; 2) རབ་ཏུ་བྱུང་པ་གཞན་ལ་སྦྱིན་བདག་དད་པ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱིམ་མི་སྟོན་པ་སྤོང་བ་ ""; 3) འདུ་འཛིའི་གནས་སུ་གནས་པ་སྤོང་བ་ ""; 4) ཆགས་པས་བདག་ལ་བསྟོད་པ་སྤོང་བ་ ""; 5) གཞན་ལ་བརྙས་པ་སྤོང་བ་ ""; 6) མི་དགེ་བའི་ལས་ལམ་བཅུ་སྤོང་བ་ ""; 7) རློམ་པའི་གཞན་ལ་མི་འདུད་པའི་ཁེངས་པ་སྤོང་པ་ ""; 8) བླང་དོར་ཕྱིན་ཅི་ལོག་ལ་ཞེན་པ་སྤོང་བ་ ""; 9) ལོ…

གཏི་མུག་མེད་པ་
Transliteration: gti mug med pa
<noun> "Absence of delusion" or "non-delusion". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "amoha". 1) One of དགེ་བའི་རྩ་བ་གསུམ་ the three roots of virtue q.v. 2) One of the དགེ་བའི་སེམས་བྱུང་བཅུ་གཅིག་ eleven virtuous mental events. This virtuous mental event results in the mind investigating each thing so that one is not གཏི་མུག་ deluded about (i.e., one is not རྨོངས་པ་ clouded concerning) that thi…

ཆེན་པོ་བདུན་
Transliteration: chen po bdun
<enum> "The seven greats". The མདོ་སྡེ་རྒྱན་ Sūtrālaṃkara explains that the ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ "Great Vehicle" when precisely defined has seven "great" things to it. The text says:
དམིགས་པ་ཆེ་བ་ཉིད་དང་ནི། །དེ་བཞིན་སྒྲུབ་པ་གཉིས་དག་དང་། །ཡེ་ཤེས་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་རྩོམ་པ་དང་། །ཐབས་ལ་མཁས་པར་གྱུར་པ་དང་། །ཡང་དག་སྒྲུབ་པ་ཆེན་པོ་དང་། །སངས་རྒྱས་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཆེན་པོ་སྟེ། །ཆེན་པོ་འདི་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཕྱིར། །ཐེག་ཆེན་ཞེས་ནི་ངེས་…


བསྒྲལ་བའི་ཞིང་བཅུ་
Transliteration: bsgral ba'i zhing bcu
<phrase> "The ten grounds of liberation". Secret mantra terminology. The ten evil deeds which when all present in one enemy makes the enemy suitable for killing in the manner of བསྒྲལ་བ་ liberation. That kind of person or spirit is called ཞིང་བཅུ་ཚང་བའི་བསྟན་དགྲ་ "an enemy showing all ten grounds".
I. In general sūtra terms [DGT] says they are explained as follows: སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་བཤིག་དཀོན་མཆ…

འདོད་ཆགས་
Transliteration: 'dod chags
<noun> "Passion". Translation of the Sanskrit [NDS] "rāgaḥ". The Sanskrit has the full sense of the English word "passion", the meaning of which was translated into Tibetan with འདོད་པ་ཆགས་པ་ "desire / attachment". It is one of the དུག་གསུམ་ three poisons, the most basic afflictions that cause sentient beings to continue in འཁོར་བ་ cyclic existence. It is also one of the རྩ་ཉོན་དྲུག་ six ro…

དགུ་བ་
Transliteration: dgu ba
<verb> v.i. དགུ་བ་/ དགུ་བ་/ དགུ་བ་//. For a human "to bend forward deferentially or submissively" or for something physical "to bend over / be bowed forward" in a similar shape". The verb is not the same as གུག་པ་ which has just the general meaning of "bending". It is also not the same as འདུད་པ་ which is the general (and transitive) verb for one person to bow to another person or thing. Ra…