THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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DICTIONARY AND VERBS
1. The Spellings, Tense Forms, and Definitions of Verbs
Tibetan verb theory is complex in its own right. However, that complexity is compounded by spelling variations that existed in Tibet. And it is compounded even further by the fact that the bulk of Tibetan manuscripts were mostly prepared by scribes who were not great scholars and often did not know of the rules surrounding verbs and their spe…
DICTIONARY VERSIONS
The Illuminator Dictionary is available for three operating systems:
• Windows: at the time of writing it was compatible with Windows XP to Windows 10, both 32 and 64 bit versions.
• Macintosh
• Apple iPhone, iPod, and iPad

The Apple iPhone, iPod, and iPad software is delivered with a single version of the dictionary. In this case, the dictionary displays Tibetan language in Tibetan script but allows…
TIBETAN SPELLING VARIATIONS
Tibetan language has a unique system for word construction. One of the effects of the system is that correct spellings are pre-determined by a complex set of rules. Thus, all spellings of the morphemes of the language were pre-determined at the time the rules were set down. As a result and unlike in English, new spellings cannot be created according to whim. This unique system and its effects are…
DICTIONARY ORDER
There are two or three, similar schemes for alphabetizing Tibetan words. This dictionary has its entries ordered according to the most common Tibetan alphabetization scheme, which is used in the བོད་རྒྱ་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་ The Great Tibetan-Chinese Dictionary. That alphabetization scheme has six levels of ordering the Tibetan words. In order from most to least significant they are as follows.
1) Head…

FOREWORD
The Illuminator Dictionary was written from the ground up by Tony Duff. Significant editorial assistance was provided by the Ven. Karma Ozer and Mr. Peter Schaffranek. The dictionary has a number of distinguishing features as follows.

1. Accuracy and clearness of explication of terms
There has been considerable confusion over many Tibetan terms, especially terms of the Buddhist vocabulary. Therefor…
TIPS ON USE OF THE DICTIONARY
In general, our dictionaries are accessed with the TibetD Reader software designed and programmed by Tony Duff and his Padma Karpo Translation Committee. The software is highly suited to presenting Tibetan and English in electronic form and is especially made to serve the needs of electronic dictionaries.
Several versions of the software are available for various operating systems, such as Windows…