Transliteration: 'gal ba
I. <verb> v.i. འགལ་བ་/ འགལ་བ་/ འགལ་བ་//. Meaning "to go against something, to be contrary to something". 1) To go against a law, rule, or convention, and break it. E.g., ཁྲིམས་འགལ་བ་ "to go outside the law", "to go against the law", "to contravene" the law. This also includes personal promises and commitments. E.g., དམ་བཅའ་འགལ་བ་ "to go against a promise / commitment". 2) "To contradict". In logical argument or when making statements about this and that, for one statement "to contradict" another. Statements which are non-contradictory are [ZGT] མི་འགལ་བ་. In argument, these could also be called "opposing and non-opposing" or "contradictory and non-contradictory" arguments. 3) In grammar, [SGC] ཚིག་སྔ་ཕྱི་འགལ་བ་ means that the ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connectors have not been applied correctly so that the previous and subsequent phrases that they join, instead of being connected in a way that makes sense to the reader or hearer, are connected in a way that leads to confusion or misunderstanding. This use of འགལ་བ་ means that one is going against the correct use of the phrase connectors. The result is poorly constructed speech. 4) To be opposite to e.g., འགལ་ཟླ་ "the opp. of". Note that there is no particular word for "antonym" in Tibetan grammar in spite of some dictionaries giving དགག་ཚིག་ as such. This term འགལ་ཟླ་ means "the opposite" which includes antonyms.II. <noun><adj> 1) In logic, "a contradiction". 2) "Non-concordance", "mutual contradictions". A technical term used to describe the fact of two things which do not share a common locus. E.g., a vase and a pillar are འགལ་བ་ "non-concordant" things or "mutually contradictory things" because they are different and have no commonality at all. In some cases this could also be "incompatibility". 3) "Breach" or "breakage", in reference to any commitment that has been made. In Buddhism there are many levels of vows. Any vow can become ཉམས་པ་ weakened by not attending to it; any vow can be འགལ་བ་ broken by going against it. For example, in secret mantra, དམ་ཚིག་འགལ་བ་ "breach of samaya" which happens because of going against the དམ་ཚིག་ samaya. 4) In the term འགལ་ཟླ་ "the opposite" of something. E.g., the opp. of black is white. 5) [Mngon] Translation of the Sanskrit "virodhin". An epithet of the 23rd year in a རབ་བྱུང་ 60 year cycle, the ས་མོ་གླང་ལོ་ "Female Earth Ox Year".