Transliteration: 'char ba
<verb> v.i. ཤར་བ་/ འཆར་བ་/ འཆར་བ་//. This verb has two connotations each of which is important to its meaning. It means first "to come up / arise / emerge" and secondly to be "visible / apparent / known". It is used for a variety of circumstances e.g., like the sun coming up in the morning and appearing, and like any occurrence of mind coming up and being apparent in mind. It has the exact meaning of something "dawning" either physically or mentally and is the opp. of ནུབ་པ་ "to set / sink", unfortunately "to dawn" does not work well in many English contexts. A very good equivalent is "to shine forth" (though it has the drawback of being a phrase). A common translation which is close to the meaning is "to appear" but this then becomes confused with སྣང་བ་ which is also well translated with "to appear" and moreover, འཆར་བ་ has the sense of "shining forth" which is not so well represented by the more bland "appearing". Similarly, "to arise" or "rise" is often used; this captures the "coming up" connotation but loses the "becoming known / apparent" part.1) In reference to physical things coming about or coming around. E.g., [TC] ཉི་མ་ཤར་བ། "the sun rose" and also "the sun shone (was out)"; མེ་ཏོག་འཆར་བ། "for flowers to appear / bloom (but in the sense that they appear on the plant not that they blossom open, which is specified with ཁ་ཕྱེ་བ་)"; དུས་རབས་གསར་པ་འཆར་བ། "for a new century to dawn"; གོ་སྐབས་ནམ་ཤར། "opportune time comes around / dawns (in coll. "opportunity knocks")". 2) In reference to things that were one way now appearing in another way e.g., it is common in Buddhism to say རྐྱེན་ངན་གྲོགས་སུ་ཤར་བ། "bad circumstances appearing / dawning as assistants". 3) In reference to the appearance of thoughts and so forth in the mind. In this usage it is similar to འཕྲོ་བ་ but འཆར་བ་ has the sense of them actually coming out into appearance, being seen and present in mind, whereas འཕྲོ་བ་ has the more abstract sense of them proliferating. E.g., [TC] སྔར་བྱས་ཡིད་ལ་གསལ་ལེར་འཆར། "previous actions appearing clearly before the mind"; སྣང་བར་གང་ཤར། "whatever appearances shine forth (a common example of a case where translating འཆར་བ་ with "to appear" would not work well and note that this style of translation fits with the needs of the Buddhist understanding, especially of the higher tantras, where appearances shine forth in the mind)"; གནས་སྐབས་བློ་ཡུལ་དུ་མ་ཤར་བ། "temporarily did not appear as an object of rational mind (because of being stopped through some kind of meditation, etc.". 4) For partial images or appearances "to manifest", "to appear", "to come about". E.g., [TC] ལྷག་མེད་རྣམ་དག་རི་མོ་འཆར། "a perfect image appeared with nothing missing"; རྗེས་མ་རྗེས་མའི་ཟླ་དག་ཚེགས་མེད་འཆར། "the very final moon appears full and flawless".