THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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ཅེའོ་
Transliteration: ce'o
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of three compound connectors: ཅེའོ་, ཞེའོ་, and ཤེའོ་.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of them is required, this one must be used after words that end in ག་, ད་, བ་, or ད་དྲག་ forceful ending.
Meaning: It is the phrase connector ཅེ་ q.v. meaning "say" with the concluder འོ་ joined into it to signify the end of …

རྣམ་དབྱེའི་ཕྲད་
Transliteration: rnam dbye'i phrad
<noun> "Case connector". Grammar term. The general name for all ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connectors that function specifically as case-signs. The name is given to differentiate them from all other connectors, that ones that do not function as case signs. These other connectors are accordingly called རྣམ་དབྱེ་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྲད་ "non-case connectors".
The case connectors are comprised of four groups of mar…
ཅིང་
Transliteration: cing
I. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of three connectors ཅིང་, ཞིང་, and ཤིང་.
Placement: They are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of them is required, this one is placed after names ending with ག་, ད་, བ་, and ད་དྲག་ "forceful da".
Meaning: They are non-case connectors. They function to show the end of a verbal phrase or clause in the middle of a sentence, and separat…

ཤེའོ་
Transliteration: she'o
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of three compound connectors: ཅེའོ་, ཞེའོ་, and ཤེའོ་.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of them is required, this one must be used after words that end in ང་, ན་, མ་, འ་, ར་, or ལ་, and also after ones with མཐའ་མེད་ no ending.
Meaning: It is the phrase connector ཤེ་ q.v. meaning "say" with the concluder འོ་ join…

ཡངས་
Transliteration: yangs
A basic intertsheg of the Tibetan language that has the two connotations of "broad" and "open" and the implication of "no restriction", "freedom of no restriction", "ease of no restriction". For example, in its <adj> form ཡངས་པོ་ it is the opp. of དོག་པོ་ and hence is the opp. of "narrow", "constricted", "restrictive", "difficult (because of the constriction".
It is combined with various oth…
མས་
Transliteration: mas
I. 1) One of a pair of terms with ཡས་ q.v. i) Meaning the lower end, lower parts, lower reaches as opposed to ཡས་ the upper end / parts / reaches. ii) Meaning the closer / fore / beginning position as opposed to ཡས་ the further / back / ending position.
II. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> 1) Contraction of མ་ཡིས་. i) The connector མ་ followed by the case marker ཡིས་ q.v. giving the connector in …
འཕྲལ་
Transliteration: 'phral
A basic intertsheg of the language with meaning as given below. It is combined with various other མིང་ grammatical names or ཚིག་ཕྲད་ connectors to give words that contain its meaning.
The primary meaning is something that happens very quickly, all of a sudden. Freq. used to indicate one thing that happens directly / immediately in connection with something else. Thus it either has the sense of "po…
ཞེའོ་
Transliteration: zhe'o
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of three compound connectors: ཅེའོ་, ཞེའོ་, and ཤེའོ་.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of them is required, this one must be used after words that end in ང་, ན་, མ་, འ་, ར་, or ལ་, and also after words with མཐའ་མེད་ no ending.
Meaning: It is the phrase connector ཞེ་ q.v. meaning "say" with the concluder འོ་ joi…

ཀྱིན་
Transliteration: kyin
<ཚིག་གྲོགས་ phrase assistive> One of a group of three ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connectors; the other two connectors are གིན་ and གྱིན་.
Placement: all three are གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors which are placed according to the rules of the ཨི་ལྡན་མཐུན་པའི་སྒྲ་ "terms having the vowel i which are in harmony" i.e., the connectors ཀྱི་, གི་, and གྱི་. This connector is placed following the rules for pl…

རང་དབང་
Transliteration: rang dbang
<adj><noun> One of a pair of terms; its counterpart is གཞན་དབང་ q.v. The term is defined as that which is in control of itself; it is not under the control of something else, is not governed by or affected by other things, does not have to follow after other things. The pair of terms are often translated as རང་དབང་ "independent" and གཞན་དབང་ "dependent".
1) In Buddhist teaching, རང་དབང…
གཅིག་
Transliteration: gcig
I. <noun> 1) Translation of the Sanskrit "ekam". The number "one". Written as the numeral " ༡ ". As the number one, it is the first of the གྲངས་གནས་དྲུག་ཅུ་ sixty numeric places of the Indian counting system q.v. 2) "One," "single", meaning one thing, "a single", e.g., ཚེ་གཅིག་ལ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཐོབ་པ་ "attainment of buddhahood in one life / in a single lifetime".
II. <pronoun> "Something" e.g…
རམ་
Transliteration: ram
I. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of eleven connectors in grammar.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, the appropriate one must be chosen from the group. The appropriate one depends on the ending letter of the preceding word. If the preceding word ends in letter ར་, this connector རམ་ must be used.
Meaning: This …

འདི་
Transliteration: 'di
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a pair of terms that function as the indefinite pronoun, this and so on. The other is དེ་ q.v. for additional information.
Placement: The term is an ཕྲད་རང་དབང་ཅན་ independent connector, therefore it has no special rules of placement.
Meaning: In Tibetan grammar, it is defined as a connector which stands to identify something else which as been mentioned in …

རྒྱན་སྡུད་
Transliteration: rgyan sdud
<phrase> "Ornament and inclusion". Grammar term. The combined name of the two functions performed by the set of three ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connectors ཀྱང་, འང་, and ཡང་. See ཀྱང་ for the definition of the connectors. The two functions performed by the connectors are different but related, they are called 1) རྒྱན་ "ornamentation" and 2) སྡུད་ "inclusion". Note that the range of usage of these thr…
མོ་
Transliteration: mo
I. <noun> "Divination". A "mo" is a type of divination of the future which is commonly used by Tibetans. There are several ways to do "mo's".
II. <noun><adj> "Female (gender)". The term used to indicate "female" gender as opposed to ཕོ་ "male" or མ་ནིང་ "neutral" gender. 1) In grammar, in the རྟགས་ཀྱི་འཇུག་པ་ Application of Gender Signs each letter of the alphabet is assigned a s…
དངོས་
Transliteration: dngos
A basic intertsheg of the Tibetan language with a number of meanings. It is combined with various other མིང་ grammatical names or ཚིག་ཕྲད་ connectors to give words that contain its meaning.
I. "Actual", "present in fact", "explicit" as opposed to being ལྐོག་གྱུར་ hidden and མངོན་སུམ་ non-obvious, not manifest. With this meaning the term དངོས་པོ་ "thing" is derived; a thing is defined as that which…
ཡང་
Transliteration: yang
I. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of three རྐྱེན་ circumstances of the functions listed below. The three are ཀྱང་, འང་, and ཡང་.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, the appropriate one must be chosen from the group. The appropriate one depends on the མིང་མཐའ་ ending letter of the preceding word. If the preceding word ends …

ཐེ་ཚོམ་ལ་འཇུག་པའི་སྒྲ་
Transliteration: the tshom la 'jug pa'i sgra
<phrase> "Terms of doubt". The group of eleven ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connectors གམ་, ངམ་, དམ་, ནམ་, བམ་, མམ་, འམ་, རམ་, ལམ་, སམ་, and ཏམ་ can be used for either of two main purposes in grammar; see the first member of the list for a summary. This is the name of the second main purpose. This purpose has two parts: 1) as an interrogative marker or 2) in the sense of "or", etc. When used in the inte…
གམ་
Transliteration: gam
I. <adj> "Near" or "close to".
II. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of eleven connectors in grammar. The eleven are: གམ་, ངམ་, ཏམ་, དམ་, ནམ་, བམ་, མམ་, འམ་, རམ་, ལམ་, སམ་.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, the appropriate one must be chosen from the group. The appropriate one depends on the ending letter of…

ཀྭ་ཡེ་
Transliteration: kva ye
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of several grammatical connectors used to show the eighth case, "term of calling" འབོད་པའི་སྒྲ་ q.v. for more.
This connector is used in cases where the party being called out to (or hailed, saluted, or addressed) is equal to or lower than the caller. It is like the English "Hi!", "Hey!", "Oy", Hoy", "Ho!", "Hello!" when addressing someone but not a…
ཁུང་
Transliteration: khung
<noun> A basic intertsheg of the Tibetan language that means 1) a hole in something that leads through to the other side or 2) a hole leading into a cavity or recess of some kind and usually into a tube-like recess. It is combined with various other མིང་ grammatical names or ཚིག་ཕྲད་ connectors to give words that contain its meaning e.g., ཨི་ཁུང་ the general name for a hole through somethin…
བདར་
Transliteration: bdar
I. A basic intertsheg of the language meaning to rub and abrade by doing so. It is combined with various other མིང་ grammatical names or ཚིག་ཕྲད་ connectors to give words that contain its meaning e.g., the verb བདར་བ་ and the common phrase ཕྱི་བདར་ and also in བདར་ཤ་ཆོད་པ་ where it gives the sense of "honing".
II. <verb> Part of བདར་བ་ q.v.
III. <noun> 1) The general name for a thing gr…
ཁོག་
Transliteration: khog
I. <verb> Imp. of v.t. form I and II འགོག་པ་ q.v.
II. <noun> A basic intertsheg of the Tibetan language with the general sense of an internal hollow or space. It is combined with various other མིང་ grammatical names or ཚིག་ཕྲད་ connectors to give words that contain its meaning, e.g., ཁོག་པ་ q.v. i) Meaning the mind in the particular sense of "the private place internally where one thin…
ཡིས་
Transliteration: yis
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of the group of five connectors: ཀྱིས་, གིས་, གྱིས་, འིས་, and ཡིས་ used to indicate the བྱེད་པའི་སྒྲ་ agentive case of Tibetan grammar q.v.
Placement: This group of connectors is created from the group of connectors ཀྱི་, གི་, གྱི་, འི་, and ཡི་ (the group used to show the འབྲེལ་བའི་སྒྲ་ connective case of Tibetan grammar) by the addition of a ས་ letter. The …