THE ILLUMINATOR

Tibetan-English
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

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ཤོ་གམ་
Transliteration: sho gam
<noun> Corrupted form of the Sanskrit "shulka" meaning any kind of "levy", "tax", "customs duty". E.g., road taxes, sales taxes, customs duty.
ཤོ་གམ་པ་
Transliteration: sho gam pa
<noun> [Old] Acc. [LGK] this term was revised during the སྐད་གསར་བཅད་ language revisions and meant, when written in new signs, ཡུལ་གྱི་ཚུགས་པ་. [LGK]'s definition comes to mean "the ཤོ་གམ་ taxation / excise in general that was collected by local rulers in Tibet and which provided for the area".
བ་གམ་
Transliteration: ba gam
<noun> 1) A mansion or other large house which is magnificent in appearance. 2) Any kind of special level or story built on top of a house. [RYD] gives "dome" for this meaning, however that seems to because of seeing the example given in [TC] and mistaking the example for the meaning. The example there is [TC] ཁང་བཟང་བ་གམ་ཟླུམ་པོའི་དབྱིབས་སུ་བསྐྲུན། "an fine house with a dome-shaped level c…
ཟླ་གམ་
Transliteration: zla gam
<noun> 1) The shape of a "half circle". In some cases it is also used to mean crescent e.g., [TC] ཚེས་པ་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ཟླ་བའི་དབྱིབས་ "the shape of the moon on the eighth day of the lunar month" which is a half of a half moon. 2) A kind of cape worn in monastic assemblies.
གམ་
Transliteration: gam
I. <adj> "Near" or "close to".
II. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of eleven connectors in grammar. The eleven are: གམ་, ངམ་, ཏམ་, དམ་, ནམ་, བམ་, མམ་, འམ་, རམ་, ལམ་, སམ་.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, the appropriate one must be chosen from the group. The appropriate one depends on the ending letter of…

དབལ་ཁ་
Transliteration: dbal kha
<adj> Meaning something that has something coming from it to form a shape. E.g., དབལ་ཁ་ཟླ་གམ་ "a bulging semi-circle" (shape).
འབྱེད་སྡུད་
Transliteration: 'byed sdud
<phrase> "Separation-inclusion". Grammar term.
I. Separation-inclusion is defined in the སུམ་ཅུ་པ་ Thirty Verses q.v. as a pair of functions performed by a specific set of eleven phrase connectors. The eleven connectors used to perform the functions are listed under འབྱེད་སྡུད་ཀྱི་སྒྲ་ "terms of separation-inclusion" q.v. Here is how Yangchen Druppa'i Dorje defines them in his [JWL] (the ita…
སམ་
Transliteration: sam
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of eleven connectors in grammar.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, the appropriate one must be chosen from the group. The appropriate one depends on the ending letter of the preceding word. If the preceding word ends in letter ས་, this connector སམ་ must be used.
Meaning: This gro…

མམ་
Transliteration: mam
<ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of eleven connectors in grammar.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, the appropriate one must be chosen from the group. The appropriate one depends on the ending letter of the preceding word. If the preceding word ends in letter མ་, this connector མམ་ must be used.
Meaning: This gro…

ངམ་
Transliteration: ngam
I. <noun> "The colour" or "lustre" of something.
II. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of eleven connectors in grammar.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, the appropriate one must be chosen from the group. The appropriate one depends on the ending letter of the preceding word. If the preceding word ends in le…

འབྱེད་སྡུད་ཀྱི་སྒྲ་
Transliteration: 'byed sdud kyi sgra
<phrase> "Term of separation-inclusion". Grammar term. The name for the ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connectors that indicate the non-case functions of འབྱེད་སྡུད་ "separation-inclusion" q.v. A group of eleven, ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent, non-case connectors are used to perform the function: གམ་, ངམ་, དམ་, ནམ་, བམ་, མམ་, འམ་, རམ་, ལམ་, སམ་, and ཏམ་ q.v.
བཀས་བཅད་
Transliteration: bkas bcad
<noun> "Decree". See བཀས་བཅད་རྣམ་པ་གསུམ་ q.v. E.g., [KBC] རྒྱལ་པོའི་བཀས་བཅད་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་གམ། སྡེ་སྣོད་ངོས་འཛིན་གྱི་ཕྱག་ཅེས་བྱ་སྟེ་ "called the homage or the piṭaka identification decreed by the king". (referring to the homage decreed necessary by ཁྲི་རལ་པ་ཅན་ King Ralpachen at the beginning of a Buddhist text translated from another language into Tibetan).
དམ་
Transliteration: dam
I. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of eleven connectors in grammar.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, the appropriate one must be chosen from the group. The appropriate one depends on the ending letter of the preceding word. If the preceding word ends in letter ད་, this connector དམ་ must be used.
Meaning: This …

ཏམ་
Transliteration: tam
I. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of eleven connectors in grammar.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, the appropriate one must be chosen from the group. The appropriate one depends on the ending letter of the preceding word. If the preceding word ends in letter ན་, ར་, or ལ་ and has the letter ད་ re-suffixed (w…

བམ་
Transliteration: bam
I. A "lifeless" corpse. Although this is often given as "rotten", "putrid", etc., in fact it means a corpse which has lost all signs of life. See བམ་པ་ for more.
II. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of eleven connectors in grammar.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, the appropriate one must be chosen from the grou…

ནམ་
Transliteration: nam
I. <adv> Used to indicate the "time" that something happens.
II. <noun> 1) Used to mean མཚན་མོ་ "night". 2) Abbrev. of ནམ་མཁའ་ usually used to mean "the heavens (above)". 3) Abbrev. of ནམ་ལངས་ q.v.
III. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of eleven connectors in grammar.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, …

ཁྱོག་པ་
Transliteration: khyog pa
<verb> v.i. ཁྱོག་པ་/ ཁྱོག་པ་/ ཁྱོག་པ་//. "To be able to lift / carry" or "to be able to bear". This is commonly used to indicate whether someone is able to carry a certain load or not. E.g., བྱིས་པ་ཁྱེད་ཀྱིས་ཁུར་པོ་འདི་ཁྱོག་པ་འདུག་གམ། "child, can you carry that? (meaning are you able to do so?). E.g., [TC] དཀའ་ངལ་ཅི་ཙམ་བྱུང་ཡང་ཁྱོག་པ། "able to bear difficulty, no matter how much arises". Ti…
སྒྲ་སྐད་
Transliteration: sgra skad
<noun> "Sound" which has been produced by something; according to Sanskrit grammar, it can be by something either with or without the quality of knowing. That is, it can be by voice or by the elements. E.g., མིའི་སྒྲ་སྐད་ "the sound of human voices"; རོལ་མོའི་སྒྲ་སྐད་ "the sound of music"; འབྲུག་གི་སྒྲ་སྐད་ "the sound of thunder". E.g., in Samantabhadra's Prayer གསུང་གཅིག་ཡན་ལག་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་སྒ…
རམ་
Transliteration: ram
I. <ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connector> One of a group of eleven connectors in grammar.
Placement: The group are ཕྲད་གཞན་དབང་ཅན་ dependent connectors. When one of these connectors is required, the appropriate one must be chosen from the group. The appropriate one depends on the ending letter of the preceding word. If the preceding word ends in letter ར་, this connector རམ་ must be used.
Meaning: This …

ཐེ་ཚོམ་ལ་འཇུག་པའི་སྒྲ་
Transliteration: the tshom la 'jug pa'i sgra
<phrase> "Terms of doubt". The group of eleven ཚིག་ཕྲད་ phrase connectors གམ་, ངམ་, དམ་, ནམ་, བམ་, མམ་, འམ་, རམ་, ལམ་, སམ་, and ཏམ་ can be used for either of two main purposes in grammar; see the first member of the list for a summary. This is the name of the second main purpose. This purpose has two parts: 1) as an interrogative marker or 2) in the sense of "or", etc. When used in the inte…